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预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病:运动的生物学机制。

Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Biological Mechanisms of Exercise.

机构信息

Research Master's Programme Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Neurotrack Technologies Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA.

出版信息

J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;69(2):311-338. doi: 10.3233/JAD-180958.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. With an aging population and no disease modifying treatments available, AD is quickly becoming a global pandemic. A substantial body of research indicates that lifestyle behaviors contribute to the development of AD, and that it may be worthwhile to approach AD like other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, in which prevention is paramount. Exercise is an important lifestyle behavior that may influence the course and pathology of AD, but the biological mechanisms underpinning these effects remain unclear. This review focuses on how exercise can modify four possible mechanisms which are involved with the pathology of AD: oxidative stress, inflammation, peripheral organ and metabolic health, and direct interaction with AD pathology. Exercise is just one of many lifestyle behaviors that may assist in preventing AD, but understanding the systemic and neurobiological mechanisms by which exercise affects AD could help guide the development of novel pharmaceutical agents and non-pharmacological personalized lifestyle interventions for at-risk populations.

摘要

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆症形式。随着人口老龄化和没有可改变疾病进程的治疗方法,AD 迅速成为全球性大流行病。大量研究表明,生活方式行为会导致 AD 的发生,因此,像对待心血管疾病等其他慢性疾病一样对待 AD 可能是值得的,在这些疾病中,预防至关重要。锻炼是一种重要的生活方式行为,可能会影响 AD 的病程和病理,但支持这些影响的生物学机制尚不清楚。本综述重点讨论了锻炼如何改变可能与 AD 病理相关的四个机制:氧化应激、炎症、外周器官和代谢健康以及与 AD 病理的直接相互作用。锻炼只是许多可能有助于预防 AD 的生活方式行为之一,但了解锻炼影响 AD 的系统和神经生物学机制可以帮助指导针对高危人群的新型药物和非药物个性化生活方式干预措施的开发。

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