Human population genetics, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI), Nanchang University, Xuefu Rd 999, Honggutan New District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330031, China; School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Rd 999, Honggutan New District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330031, China.
School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Xuefu Rd 999, Honggutan New District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330031, China.
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2019 Jul 1;1865(7):1745-1755. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.001. Epub 2018 Sep 10.
Advanced age is an independent risk factor for natural death and common diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, dementia, and cancers, which are life-threatening and cause disabilities. On the other hand, individual with healthy longevity is a plausible model for successful aging. Thus, search for longevity-associated genes and pathways likely provides a unique approach to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying aging and healthspan, and emerging evidence from model organisms has highlighted the significance of genetic components in longevity. Here we reviewed the uses of model organisms including yeast, ciliate, nematode, arthropod, fish, rodent, and primate as well as human to identify the genetic determinants of longevity and discussed the genetic contributions of conserved longevity pathways, such as adrenergic system, AMPK, insulin/IGF-1, and mTOR signaling pathways.
高龄是自然死亡和常见疾病（如心血管疾病、痴呆症和癌症）的独立风险因素，这些疾病具有致命性并导致残疾。另一方面，健康长寿的个体是成功衰老的合理模型。因此，寻找与长寿相关的基因和途径可能为理解衰老和健康寿命的遗传机制提供一种独特的方法，并且来自模式生物的新证据强调了遗传因素在长寿中的重要性。在这里，我们回顾了使用包括酵母、纤毛虫、线虫、节肢动物、鱼类、啮齿动物和灵长类动物以及人类在内的模式生物来鉴定长寿的遗传决定因素，并讨论了保守的长寿途径（如肾上腺素能系统、AMPK、胰岛素/IGF-1 和 mTOR 信号通路）的遗传贡献。
