Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Aug;103:267-304. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002. Epub 2019 May 22.
The role of peripheral physiology in the experience of emotion has been debated since the 19th century following the seminal proposal by William James that somatic responses to stimuli determine subjective emotion. Subsequent views have integrated the forebrain's ability to initiate, represent and simulate such physiological events. Modern affective neuroscience envisions an interacting network of "bottom-up" and "top-down" signaling in which the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems both receive and generate the experience of emotion. "Feelings" serves as a term for the perception of these physical changes whether emanating from actual somatic events or from the brain's representation of such. "Interoception" has come to represent the brain's receipt and representation of these actual and "virtual" somatic changes that may or may not enter conscious awareness but, nonetheless, influence feelings. Such information can originate from diverse sources including endocrine, immune and gastrointestinal systems as well as the PNS. We here examine physiological feelings from diverse perspectives including current and historical theories, evolution, neuroanatomy and physiology, development, regulatory processes, pathology and linguistics.
自 19 世纪威廉·詹姆斯（William James）提出开创性的观点，即刺激引起的躯体反应决定主观情绪以来，外周生理学在情绪体验中的作用一直存在争议。随后的观点整合了大脑启动、代表和模拟这种生理事件的能力。现代情感神经科学设想了一个“自上而下”和“自下而上”信号相互作用的网络，其中外周（PNS）和中枢神经系统都接收和产生情绪体验。“感觉”是指对这些身体变化的感知，无论是源自实际的躯体事件还是大脑对这些事件的代表。“内脏感觉”代表了大脑对这些实际和“虚拟”躯体变化的接收和代表，这些变化可能进入意识，也可能不进入意识，但仍然会影响感觉。这些信息可以来自多种来源，包括内分泌、免疫和胃肠道系统以及 PNS。我们在这里从不同的角度检查生理感觉，包括当前和历史理论、进化、神经解剖学和生理学、发展、调节过程、病理学和语言学。
