University of Bern Department of Sociology of Education, Fabrikstrasse 8, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Soc Sci Res. 2019 Jul;81:221-234. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.02.008. Epub 2019 Feb 23.
In this study, we evaluate short- and long-term effects of three different prepaid incentives: a ballpoint-pen (gift worth approximately 2 Swiss francs), a voucher (cash card worth 10 Swiss francs) and cash (a 10-Swiss-francs' banknote) on young panellists' cooperation and response rate in three waves of a mature panel study with a sequential multi-mode design (web-based online survey, CATI, and PAPI). The survey experiment involved an alternative procedure to analyse the effect of different types of prepaid incentives, taking selective attrition into account as well as considering problems related to causal inference. The subjects were students, from randomly-selected school classes, who had finished their compulsory school in 2013. The findings are clear: cash provides the strongest direct, positive effect on the overall response rate and also on the latency until response after first contact. The other incentives did not work as efficiently as did cash. Additionally, cash is the most likely to minimise social selectivity in response. Finally, cash provides the potential to convert refusals in previous waves into cooperation.
在这项研究中，我们评估了三种不同预付激励措施的短期和长期效果：一支圆珠笔（价值约 2 瑞士法郎的礼物）、一张代金券（价值 10 瑞士法郎的现金卡）和现金（一张 10 瑞士法郎的钞票），以了解年轻参与者在具有顺序多模式设计（基于网络的在线调查、CATI 和 PAPI）的成熟小组研究的三波中的合作和响应率。该调查实验涉及一种替代程序，以分析不同类型预付激励的效果，同时考虑到选择性损耗以及与因果推断相关的问题。参与者是学生，来自随机选择的学校班级，他们已于 2013 年完成义务教育。结果很明显：现金对整体响应率以及首次联系后的响应延迟都有最直接、最积极的影响。其他激励措施的效果不如现金好。此外，现金最有可能最小化响应中的社会选择性。最后，现金有可能将前几波的拒绝转化为合作。
