Wang Jing, Zhao Liyun, Yu Dongmei, Li Yaru, Huo Junsheng, Huang Jian, Ding Gangqiang
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2019 Mar;48(2):200-207.
To explore the status of nutrition and associated factors among elderly in China.
Based the 2010-2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey(CNNHS), a total of 34 373 participants aged 60 years and older were included in the analysis. People without weight, height, education level, family income level, drinking, smoking status and lack of physical activity information were excluded. The survey adopted a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method proportional to the population. Dietary data were collected by the 24-hour-dietary for 3 days questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was performed to examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake with status of nutrition.
The 34 373 subjects aged 60 years and older had a 6. 2% low body weight, 31. 8% overweight and 11. 5% obesity. The prevalent of low body weight of elderly women(6. 1%) was higher than that of elderly men(1. 4%). Women(47. 1%)had a higher overweight/obesity prevalence than men(39. 3%)(OR=1. 19, 95% CI 1. 10-1. 28). Participants living in rural areas had a higher prevalence of low body weight(OR=1. 41, 95% CI 1. 07-1. 86) and a lower overweight/obesity prevalence than urban residents(OR=0. 72, 95% CI 0. 61-0. 86). Education levels was negatively associated with low body weight(P<0. 05), but positively associated with overweight/obesity prevalence(P<0. 05). Physical activity levels were inversely related with low body weightand overweight/obesity(P<0. 05). High intake of wheat was associated with a decreased low body weight and an increased overweight/obesity prevalence(P<0. 05). The prevalence of overweight/obesity was negatively related with high intake of rice and organ meat(P<0. 05).
Sex, region, education level, household income, smoking status, physical activity level and dietary intake were associated with the status of nutrition among elderly in China.
探讨中国老年人的营养状况及相关因素。
基于2010 - 2012年中国国家营养与健康调查（CNNHS），共有34373名60岁及以上的参与者纳入分析。排除无体重、身高、教育水平、家庭收入水平、饮酒、吸烟状况及缺乏体力活动信息的人群。该调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，与人口成比例。通过连续3天的24小时膳食问卷收集膳食数据。采用多变量logistic回归模型检验社会人口学特征和膳食摄入与营养状况之间的关联。
34373名60岁及以上的受试者中，低体重率为6.2%，超重率为31.8%，肥胖率为11.5%。老年女性的低体重患病率（6.1%）高于老年男性（1.4%）。女性超重/肥胖患病率（47.1%）高于男性（39.3%）（比值比[OR]=1.19，95%可信区间[CI]为1.10 - 1.28）。居住在农村地区的参与者低体重患病率较高（OR = 1.41，95% CI为1.07 - 1.86），超重/肥胖患病率低于城市居民（OR = 0.72，95% CI为0.61 - 0.86）。教育水平与低体重呈负相关（P < 0.05），但与超重/肥胖患病率呈正相关（P < 0.05）。体力活动水平与低体重和超重/肥胖呈负相关（P < 0.05）。小麦摄入量高与低体重降低及超重/肥胖患病率增加相关（P < 0.05）。超重/肥胖患病率与大米和内脏肉类摄入量高呈负相关（P < 0.05）。
性别、地区、教育水平、家庭收入、吸烟状况、体力活动水平和膳食摄入与中国老年人的营养状况相关。
