Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
USDA-ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 West, Sheyenne Street, El Reno, OK 73036, USA.
J Environ Sci (China). 2019 Aug;82:179-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.03.005. Epub 2019 Mar 18.
Manure is an impending source of carbon (C), sulfur (S) and water (HO). Consequently, microbial populations utilize these constituents to produce methane (CH), carbon dioxide (CO), greenhouse gases (GHGs), and hydrogen sulfide (HS). Application of nanoparticles (NPs) to stored manure is an emerging GHG mitigation technique. In this study, two NPs: nano zinc oxide (nZnO) and nano silver (nAg) were tested in swine manure stored under anaerobic conditions to determine their effectiveness in mitigating gaseous emissions and total gas production. The biological sources of gas production, i.e., microbial populations were characterized via Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) analysis. Additionally, pH, redox, and VFAs were determined using standard methods. Each treatment of the experiment was replicated three times and NPs were applied at a dose of 3 g/L of manure. Also, headspace gas from all treatment replicates were analyzed for CH and CO gas concentrations using an SRI-8610 Gas Chromatograph and HS concentrations were measured using a Jerome 631X meter. Nanoparticles tested in this study reduced the cumulative gas volume by 16%-79% compared to the control. Among the NPs tested, only nZnO consistently reduced GHG concentrations by 37%-97%. Reductions in HS concentrations ranged from 87% to 97%. Gaseous reductions were likely due to decreases in the activity and numbers of specific gas producing methanogenic archaea and sulfate reducing bacterial (SRB) species.
粪便即将成为碳（C）、硫（S）和水（HO）的潜在来源。因此，微生物种群利用这些成分来产生甲烷（CH）、二氧化碳（CO）、温室气体（GHGs）和硫化氢（HS）。将纳米颗粒（NPs）应用于储存的粪便中是一种新兴的温室气体减排技术。在这项研究中，两种 NPs：纳米氧化锌（nZnO）和纳米银（nAg）在厌氧条件下储存的猪粪中进行了测试，以确定它们在减轻气体排放和总气体产生方面的有效性。通过定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）分析来表征气体产生的生物来源，即微生物种群。此外，使用标准方法测定 pH 值、氧化还原电位和 VFAs。实验的每个处理重复三次，纳米颗粒以 3 g/L 粪便的剂量应用。此外，使用 SRI-8610 气相色谱仪分析所有处理重复的顶空气体中 CH 和 CO 气体浓度，使用 Jerome 631X 仪表测量 HS 浓度。与对照相比，本研究测试的纳米颗粒将累积气体体积减少了 16%-79%。在测试的 NPs 中，只有 nZnO 始终将 GHG 浓度降低了 37%-97%。HS 浓度的降低范围为 87%至 97%。气体减少可能是由于特定产甲烷古菌和硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）种类的活性和数量减少所致。
