Mallet Clarisse, Romdhane Sana, Loiseau Camille, Béguet Jérémie, Martin-Laurent Fabrice, Calvayrac Christophe, Barthelmebs Lise
Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
AgroSup Dijon, INRA UMR1347 Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
Front Microbiol. 2019 May 10;10:1024. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01024. eCollection 2019.
Impact of leptospermone, a β-triketone bioherbicide, was investigated on the fungal community which supports important soil ecological functions such as decomposition of organic matter and nutrients recycling. This study was done in a microcosm experiment using two French soils, Perpignan (P) and Saint-Jean-de-Fos (SJF), differing in their physicochemical properties and history treatment with synthetic β-triketones. Soil microcosms were treated with leptospermone at recommended dose and incubated under controlled conditions for 45 days. Untreated microcosms were used as control. Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the fungal rRNA revealed significant changes in fungal community structure and diversity in both soils. Xylariales, Hypocreales, Pleosporales and Capnodiales (Ascomycota phyla) fungi and those belonging to Sebacinales, Cantharellales, Agaricales, Polyporales, Filobasidiales and Tremellales orders (Basidiomycota phyla) were well represented in treated soil microcosms compared to control. Nevertheless, while for the treated SJF a complete recovery of the fungal community was observed at the end of the experiment, this was not the case for the P treated soil, although no more bioherbicide remained. Indeed, the relative abundance of most of the saprophytic fungi were lower in treated soil compared to control microcosms whereas fungi from parasitic fungi included in Spizellomycetales and Pezizales orders increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only study assessing the effect of the bioherbicide leptospermone on the composition and diversity of the fungal community in soil. This study showed that leptospermone has an impact on α- and β-diversity of the fungal community. It underlines the possible interest of microbial endpoints for environmental risk assessment of biopesticide.
研究了β-三酮生物除草剂细叶桉酮对真菌群落的影响，该真菌群落支持诸如有机物分解和养分循环等重要的土壤生态功能。本研究在一个微观实验中进行，使用了两种法国土壤，佩皮尼昂（P）和圣让德福斯（SJF），它们在理化性质和合成β-三酮的历史处理方面存在差异。土壤微观环境用推荐剂量的细叶桉酮处理，并在受控条件下培养45天。未处理的微观环境用作对照。对真菌rRNA内部转录间隔区进行的Illumina MiSeq测序显示，两种土壤中的真菌群落结构和多样性都有显著变化。与对照相比，在处理过的土壤微观环境中，炭角菌目、肉座菌目、格孢腔菌目和小煤炱目（子囊菌门）的真菌以及属于角担菌目、鸡油菌目、伞菌目、多孔菌目、丝孢酵母目和银耳目的真菌（担子菌门）有很好的代表性。然而，虽然在实验结束时观察到处理过的SJF土壤中的真菌群落完全恢复，但处理过的P土壤却并非如此，尽管不再有生物除草剂残留。事实上，与对照微观环境相比，处理过的土壤中大多数腐生真菌的相对丰度较低，而属于被孢霉目和盘菌目的寄生真菌中的真菌增加了。据我们所知，这是唯一一项评估生物除草剂细叶桉酮对土壤中真菌群落组成和多样性影响的研究。这项研究表明，细叶桉酮对真菌群落的α-和β-多样性有影响。它强调了微生物终点在生物农药环境风险评估中的潜在意义。
