Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, First Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Dietetics, Chair of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1176:89-99. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_389.
Birth weight is a key determinant of perinatal outcomes which affect physical development and metabolic function. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of maternal body composition and nutritional status in programing fetal birth weight. This was a longitudinal study that included 29 pregnant women and their full-term newborns. Maternal dietary energy and fluid intake and body adipose tissue were assessed. In addition, we measured the serum content of copeptin, aldosterone, and angiotensin II in maternal and umbilical cord blood. The measurements were done across the three trimesters of pregnancy, on average, at 11.6 weeks, 18.3 weeks, and 30.2 weeks. Each newborn's birth weight was determined at the percentile line, using the World Health Organization (WHO) standards based on the gestational age, gender, and weight. We found no appreciable relation of fetal birth weight to the maternal dietary and fluid intakes, and the content of angiotensin II, aldosterone, or copeptin. However, birth weight correlated with increases in body adipose tissue in early pregnancy stages. Further, birth weight correlated positively with copeptin and adversely with angiotensin II in cord blood. We conclude that the present findings may be helpful in the assessment of a critical level of body adipose tissue in women of child-bearing age, above which the potential risk of macrosomia appears. The female population of child-bearing age needs a continual update on the nutritional knowledge to prevent modifiable maternal and fetal perinatal complications.
出生体重是围产结局的关键决定因素，影响身体发育和代谢功能。在这项研究中，我们评估了母体身体成分和营养状况在编程胎儿出生体重中的潜在作用。这是一项纵向研究，包括 29 名孕妇及其足月新生儿。评估了母体的饮食能量和液体摄入以及身体脂肪组织。此外，我们还测量了母体和脐血中 copeptin、醛固酮和血管紧张素 II 的血清含量。这些测量在妊娠的三个 trimester 进行，平均在 11.6 周、18.3 周和 30.2 周。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）基于胎龄、性别和体重的标准，每个新生儿的出生体重都在百分位数线上确定。我们没有发现胎儿出生体重与母体饮食和液体摄入以及血管紧张素 II、醛固酮或 copeptin 的含量有明显关系。然而，出生体重与妊娠早期身体脂肪组织的增加相关。此外，出生体重与脐血中的 copeptin 呈正相关，与血管紧张素 II 呈负相关。我们得出结论，目前的发现可能有助于评估育龄妇女身体脂肪组织的临界水平，超过该水平，巨大儿的潜在风险似乎增加。育龄妇女群体需要不断更新营养知识，以预防可改变的母婴围产期并发症。
