Department of Humanities, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy,
Department of Psychological, Humanistic, and Territorial Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Psychopathology. 2019;52(2):104-109. doi: 10.1159/000500327. Epub 2019 May 29.
In a recent book Cristopher Bollas, one of the greatest contemporary psychoanalysts, tells about how he began to bring together phenomenology and psychoanalysis in the clinical setting at the beginning of his career. Working with psychotic patients, he realized that it was first necessary to "absorb" their view of reality before being able to reflect on the mad scenarios of psychosis. In what world did they live? How did they perceive it? Only by "mirroring" this back to the patients was it possible to offer them the experience of being in front of someone trying to understand their world view. Today, phenomenology has been spreading over psychoanalysis more than one can think it did in the past. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the most relevant theoretical-clinical areas characterizing contemporary psychoanalysis in which phenomenology can claim a legitimate (or still illegitimate for someone) position. The main areas that will be discussed are: (a) the larger relational system or field in which human experience is continually shaped, i.e., the intersubjective matrix in which we are embedded; (b) the capacity to think about the "what" of the patients' experience, rather than the "why" (especially with the most severely disturbed ones); and (c) the crisis of the primacy of interpretation in the analytical technique. Obviously, this review does not have the ambition to be exhaustive. Rather, it just wants to (re)open the discussion on a still controversial but very current topic.
在最近的一本书中，克里斯托弗·博拉斯（Christopher Bollas），当代最伟大的精神分析学家之一，讲述了他在职业生涯早期如何开始将现象学和精神分析结合到临床环境中。在与精神病患者一起工作时，他意识到，在能够反思精神病的疯狂场景之前，首先有必要“吸收”他们对现实的看法。他们生活在怎样的世界里？他们是如何感知的？只有通过将这些“反映”回给患者，才有可能让他们体验到有人试图理解他们的世界观。如今，现象学在精神分析中的传播程度超出了过去人们所能想象的。本文旨在回顾和讨论现象学在哪些最相关的理论-临床领域可以在当代精神分析中声称具有合法（或对某些人来说仍然不合法）的地位，并对其进行讨论。将讨论的主要领域是：(a)人类经验不断被塑造的更大的关系系统或场域，即我们所处的主体间基质；(b)思考患者体验的“是什么”而不是“为什么”（尤其是对最严重受困扰的患者）的能力；以及(c)在分析技术中解释优先性的危机。显然，这篇综述没有包罗万象的野心。相反，它只是想（重新）开启对一个仍然有争议但非常热门的话题的讨论。
