Mezzalira Selene, Santoro Gianluca, Bochicchio Vincenzo, Schimmenti Adriano
Department of Humanities, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci Cubo 18/C, 87036, Rende, Italy.
Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Piazza dell'Università, 94100, Enna, Italy.
Am J Psychoanal. 2023 Mar;83(1):36-55. doi: 10.1057/s11231-023-09395-w.
A deep understanding of the subjective experience of time in traumatized individuals may require a comprehensive framework that takes into account both psychoanalytic and phenomenological contributions. Referring to the retroactive interpretation of past experiences, the concept of Nachträglichkeit is critical to analyze how trauma can be signified in the form of the après-coup, in which the original traces of traumatic experiences are signified only at a later time. Trauma alters the temporal sequence of past, present, and future, thus leaving the psyche in a time-shifted dimension, where the shadow of the past extends over the present, and the unbearable present hinders growth and development. A clinical vignette is presented to illustrate how trauma can disrupt the temporal nature of subjective experience by reshaping the meaning of psychic events. Ultimately, trauma treatment aims at inscribing the person's experience into a unified and coherent self-narrative.
深入理解创伤个体对时间的主观体验，可能需要一个综合框架，该框架要兼顾精神分析和现象学的贡献。提及对过去经历的追溯性解释，“事后性”（Nachträglichkeit）概念对于分析创伤如何以“事后冲击”的形式被表征至关重要，在这种形式中，创伤经历的原始痕迹仅在稍后的时间才被表征。创伤改变了过去、现在和未来的时间顺序，从而使心灵处于一个时间错位的维度，在这个维度中，过去的阴影笼罩着现在，而难以承受的现在阻碍了成长和发展。本文呈现了一个临床案例，以说明创伤如何通过重塑心理事件的意义来扰乱主观体验的时间本质。最终，创伤治疗旨在将个体的经历纳入一个统一且连贯的自我叙事之中。
