High Relative Abundance of and Fructose Intake are Associated with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children from Mexico City.

In Mexico, 3 of 10 children are overweight. Fructose intake and relative abundance (RA) of () in the intestinal microbiota are associated with obesity and diabetes in adults, but studies in children are limited. This study evaluates the association between fructose intake and RA with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers in Mexican children dietary information, microbiota profiles, adiposity indicators (Body Mass Index, BMI and Waste Circumference, WC), and cardiometabolic markers were analyzed in 1087 children aged 6-12 years. Linear regression and path analysis models were used. High-tertile fructose intake and RA were positively associated with BMI (β 0.24 (95% CI, 0.04; 0.44) and β = 0.52 (95% CI, 0.32; 0.72)) and WC (β = 2.40 (95% CI, 0.93; 3.83) and β = 3.40 (95% CI, 1.95; 4.90)), respectively. Also, these factors mediated by adiposity were positively correlated with high triglycerides and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR ( ≤ 0.03) and negatively associated with HDL-C concentration ( < 0.01). High-tertile fructose intake and RA were directly associated with adiposity and indirectly associated though adiposity with metabolic disorders in children. In conclusion, fructose intake and RA were directly associated with adiposity and indirectly associated with metabolic disorders in children, mediated by adiposity.