Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales (CIDEMAT), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, EA11, NL-9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, Beckman Institute, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 Sep;102:150-163. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.032. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Metal stents are used as base material for fabrication of medical devices to support and improve the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases such as arterial stenoses. Permanently present implants may induce responses that resemble adverse wound healing that compromise tissue function. A similar process namely restenosis, frequently may occur after the use of this kind of implants. However, the use of non-permanent, resorbable stents are a promising option to avoid this problem. The advantage of these implants is that they can degraded upon vascular repair. The most common metal used for this application, is magnesium (Mg) which is an interesting material due its biological properties and because it is an essential element for human life. However, Mg-based resorbable biomaterial have some restrictions in clinical applications because its corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. As solutions of this problem, the material can be modified in its composition (Mg-based alloys) or by surface treatments. This review shows and discusses recent challenges in the improvement of Mg-based biomaterials to be used to treat vascular disease and novel approaches at design-based biomaterials engineering of the same. Design-based methodologies are introduced and discussed in the context of balancing multi-functional properties against adaptation to the complex extreme in vivo environment. Traditional alloying approaches of Mg-based biomaterials are also discussed in the context of corrosion resistance controlled by surface modification strategies including conversion techniques: physicochemical or electrochemical transformation such as anodization, plasma and electrophoretic deposition.
金属支架被用作医疗器械的基础材料，用于支撑和改善心血管疾病患者（如动脉狭窄）的生活质量。永久性植入物可能会引起类似于不良伤口愈合的反应，从而损害组织功能。类似的过程即再狭窄，在使用这种植入物后经常会发生。然而，使用非永久性、可吸收的支架是避免这个问题的一个有前途的选择。这些植入物的优点是它们可以在血管修复时降解。最常用于这种应用的金属是镁 (Mg)，由于其生物特性以及它是生命所必需的元素，因此它是一种很有趣的材料。然而，基于 Mg 的可吸收生物材料在临床应用中存在一些限制，因为其耐腐蚀性和机械性能。作为解决这个问题的方法，可以改变材料的组成（Mg 基合金）或通过表面处理来改进。本综述展示并讨论了最近在改善用于治疗血管疾病的基于 Mg 的生物材料方面的挑战，以及基于设计的生物材料工程的新方法。在平衡多功能特性与适应复杂的体内极端环境的背景下，介绍并讨论了基于设计的方法。还讨论了传统的 Mg 基生物材料的合金化方法，包括耐腐蚀的表面改性策略控制，包括转化技术：物理化学或电化学转化，如阳极氧化、等离子体和电泳沉积。
