Sachschal Juliane, Woodward Elizabeth, Ehlers Anke
1Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Old Rectory, Paradise Square, Oxford, OX1 1TW UK.
2Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Cognit Ther Res. 2019;43(1):247-258. doi: 10.1007/s10608-018-9962-1. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
Cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that negative appraisals play an important role in the development and maintenance of PTSD. It has not yet been examined experimentally how people with PTSD appraise strangers. Twenty-two trauma survivors with PTSD and 26 non-traumatised controls completed a person impression updating task. There was no group difference in initial kindness ratings of people shown in the photos. The PTSD group changed their ratings more when receiving negative compared to positive information about the person, relative to controls. When incongruent information was subsequently presented, the PTSD group tended to be more influenced by negative information than positive information, relative to congruent information, than controls. The findings suggest selective attention to negative information about others in PTSD.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的认知理论表明，消极评价在PTSD的发展和维持中起着重要作用。目前尚未通过实验研究PTSD患者如何评价陌生人。22名患有PTSD的创伤幸存者和26名未受创伤的对照组完成了一项人物印象更新任务。两组对照片中人物的初始友善度评分没有差异。与对照组相比，PTSD组在收到关于该人物的负面信息时比收到正面信息时对评分的改变更大。当随后呈现不一致的信息时，与对照组相比，PTSD组相对于一致信息而言，往往更容易受到负面信息而非正面信息的影响。研究结果表明，PTSD患者会选择性地关注他人的负面信息。
