Morrison Andrea K, Glick Alexander, Yin H Shonna
Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Department of Pediatrics and.
Pediatr Rev. 2019 Jun;40(6):263-277. doi: 10.1542/pir.2018-0027.
Health literacy is an important issue to consider in the provision of health-care to children. Similar to the adult population, most parents face health literacy challenges. Of particular concern, 1 in 4 parents have low health literacy, greatly affecting their ability to use health information to make health decisions for their child. High expectations are placed on parents and children to achieve effective disease management and positive health outcomes in the context of complex health-care systems and disease treatment regimens. Low health literacy affects parent acquisition of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as child health outcomes across the domains of disease prevention, acute illness care, and chronic illness care. The effect of low health literacy is wide ranging, including 1) poor nutrition knowledge and behaviors, 2) higher obesity rates, 3) more medication errors, 4) more emergency department use, and 5) poor asthma knowledge, behaviors, and outcomes. Health-care providers can mitigate the effects of health literacy by seeking to align health-care demands with the health literacy skills of families. Effective health literacy-informed interventions provide insights into methods that can be used by providers and health systems to improve health outcomes. Health literacy-informed communication strategies should be used with all families in a "universal precautions approach" because all parents likely benefit from clear communication. As scientific advances are made in disease prevention and management, unless families understand how to follow provider recommendations, the benefit of these advances will not be realized and disparities in outcomes will be exacerbated.
在为儿童提供医疗保健服务时，健康素养是一个需要考虑的重要问题。与成年人一样，大多数家长都面临健康素养方面的挑战。特别值得关注的是，四分之一的家长健康素养较低，这极大地影响了他们利用健康信息为孩子做出健康决策的能力。在复杂的医疗保健系统和疾病治疗方案背景下，人们对家长和孩子实现有效的疾病管理及良好的健康结果寄予厚望。低健康素养会影响家长获取知识、态度和行为，以及在疾病预防、急性病护理和慢性病护理等领域的儿童健康结果。低健康素养的影响广泛，包括：1）营养知识和行为较差；2）肥胖率较高；3）用药错误较多；4）更多地使用急诊科；5）哮喘知识、行为和结果较差。医疗保健提供者可以通过使医疗保健需求与家庭的健康素养技能相匹配来减轻健康素养的影响。有效的基于健康素养的干预措施为提供者和医疗系统可用于改善健康结果的方法提供了见解。基于健康素养的沟通策略应以“普遍预防方法”应用于所有家庭，因为所有家长可能都能从清晰的沟通中受益。随着疾病预防和管理方面取得科学进展，除非家庭明白如何遵循提供者的建议，否则这些进展带来的益处将无法实现，结果方面的差距也会加剧。
