Martin Eric, Battaglini Claudio
Kinesiology Dep., California State University Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA, 93955, USA.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2019 Jun;34(2):108-117. doi: 10.21091/mppa.2019.2010.
Actors constitute an at-risk population based on the physical burden demanded from their profession, different health behaviors, and poor economic and health insurance status. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to search for evidence of the health and fitness of theater actors.
Pubmed, EBSCO (CINAHL and SPORTdiscus), the database of the Performing Arts Medicine Association, the Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, and Medical Problems of Performing Artists were searched. Included studies had data extracted and were scored for methodological quality.
The search identified 18 studies, examining actors at different career stages, including secondary school (n=2), university (n=3), and professional (n=13). Eight studies received a low methodological quality score (50% or less). Most studies reported cigarette smoking among 10-26% of their samples and regular alcohol use in 25-40%. However, among professionals, prevalence and risk of harm from levels of alcohol consumption were much higher. Marijuana consumption was reported by 11-25% of respondents, while use of other drugs ranged from 7-23%. Most respondents suffered 1-2 injuries each year, with one study indicating that 72% of injuries occurred during class or rehearsal.
This systematic literature review highlights a large gap in the research about actors' health. The high rates of substance use and injuries among actors indicate not only a large health burden but a hindrance to their ability to perform, which may negatively impact their livelihood.
基于演员职业所要求的身体负担、不同的健康行为以及较差的经济和健康保险状况，演员构成了一个高危人群。本系统文献综述的目的是寻找戏剧演员健康和体能状况的证据。
检索了PubMed、EBSCO（CINAHL和SPORTdiscus）、表演艺术医学协会数据库、《体育教育、娱乐与舞蹈杂志》以及《表演艺术家的医学问题》。纳入的研究提取了数据，并对方法学质量进行了评分。
检索确定了18项研究，这些研究考察了不同职业阶段的演员，包括中学（n = 2）、大学（n = 3）和专业演员（n = 13）。八项研究的方法学质量得分较低（50%或更低）。大多数研究报告称，其样本中有10%-26%的人吸烟，25%-40%的人经常饮酒。然而，在专业演员中，饮酒造成的患病率和危害风险要高得多。11%-25%的受访者报告吸食大麻，而其他毒品的使用率在7%-23%之间。大多数受访者每年受伤1-2次，一项研究表明，72%的受伤发生在课堂或排练期间。
本系统文献综述凸显了关于演员健康研究方面的巨大差距。演员中物质使用和受伤的高发生率不仅表明了巨大的健康负担，还阻碍了他们的表演能力，这可能会对他们的生计产生负面影响。
