Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Sep;252(Pt A):227-235. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.098. Epub 2019 May 20.
In China, the common use of antibiotics in agriculture is recognized as a potential public health risk through the increasing use of livestock derived manure as a means of fertilization. By doing so this may increase the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from animals, to soils and plants. In this study two staple crops (rice and wheat) were investigated for ARG enrichment under differing fertilization regimes. Here, we applied 4 treatments, no fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, clean (reduced antibiotic practice) and dirty (current antibiotic practice) pig manure, to soil microcosms planted with either rice or wheat, to investigate fertilization effects on the abundance of ARGs in the respective phyllospheres. For both rice and wheat, samples were collected after two separate fertilization periods. In total, 162 unique ARGs and 5 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected from all rice and wheat samples. The addition of both clean and dirty manure, enhanced ARG abundance significantly when compared to no fertilizer treatments (P < 0.001), though clean manure enriched ARGs to a lesser extent than dirty manure, in all rice and wheat samples (P < 0.001). The classes of ARGs recorded were different between crops, with wheat samples having a higher ARG diversity than rice. These results revealed that staple crops in China such as rice and wheat may be a reservoir for ARGs when clean and dirty pig manure is used for fertilization.
在中国，农业中抗生素的普遍使用被认为是一个潜在的公共卫生风险，因为越来越多的牲畜粪便被用作肥料。这样做可能会增加抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）从动物向土壤和植物的转移。在这项研究中，两种主要作物（水稻和小麦）在不同的施肥制度下被调查了 ARG 的富集情况。在这里，我们将 4 种处理方法（不施肥、矿物肥、清洁（减少抗生素使用）和肮脏（当前抗生素使用）猪粪）应用于种植水稻或小麦的土壤微宇宙中，以研究施肥对各自叶际中 ARG 丰度的影响。对于水稻和小麦，在两个单独的施肥期后收集样品。总共从所有水稻和小麦样品中检测到 162 个独特的 ARG 和 5 个移动遗传元件（MGEs）。与不施肥处理相比（P<0.001），添加清洁和肮脏的粪便均显著增加了 ARG 的丰度，但在所有水稻和小麦样品中，清洁粪便富集的 ARG 程度低于肮脏粪便（P<0.001）。记录的 ARG 类别在作物之间不同，小麦样品的 ARG 多样性高于水稻。这些结果表明，当使用清洁和肮脏的猪粪作为肥料时，中国的主要作物，如水稻和小麦，可能成为 ARGs 的储存库。
