Tofiño Rivera Adriana Patricia, Carbono Murgas Rafael Enrique, Melo Ríos Aslenis Emidia, Merini Luciano José
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Motilonia, Valledupar, Colombia.
Agronomía Pecuaria y Ciencias Medio Ambientales ECAPMA, Programa de Agronomía, Valledupar, Colombia.
Rev Argent Microbiol. 2020 Jan-Mar;52(1):61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 May 29.
Strategies aimed at achieving food safety in crops of high nutritional value should be carried out through sustainable agricultural practices aimed at soil conservation, high yield and food safety. This latter characteristic implies food production without detectable traces of agrochemicals that threaten health. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the herbicide glyphosate on the chemical and biological fertility of the soil and to determine its residual activity on biofortified bean seeds in Codazzi, Department of Cesar, Colombia. The method included a correlational analysis of soil quality, crop yield and residuality in bean grains. The treatments included glyphosate application and synthetic and natural mulches, compared to manual control. The results showed differences in the response of chemical, microbiological and yield indicators between treatments and the initial conditions of the bean rhizosphere. The use of the herbicide glyphosate in mulch-free soil generates yield losses of 29% associated with a higher incidence of pests and fungal diseases; in all treatments, no glyphosate residuality was detected in seeds; however, residuality was detected in other molecules derived from insecticides associated with the local production system. In conclusion, in plots with high weed pressure by Cyperus rotundus, the use of mulch is recommended as an alternative to maintain bean productivity over time; by offering protection against the effect of the herbicide on both the root system of the plant and the soil microbiota of the biofortified bean crop.
旨在实现高营养价值作物食品安全的策略应通过旨在土壤保护、高产和食品安全的可持续农业实践来实施。后一个特征意味着食品生产中不存在威胁健康的可检测到的农用化学品痕迹。本研究的目的是评估除草剂草甘膦对土壤化学和生物肥力的影响，并确定其在哥伦比亚塞萨尔省科达齐生物强化豆类种子上的残留活性。该方法包括对土壤质量、作物产量和豆类籽粒残留量的相关性分析。与人工对照相比，处理包括草甘膦施用以及合成和天然覆盖物。结果表明，处理之间以及豆类根际的初始条件在化学、微生物和产量指标的响应上存在差异。在无覆盖物的土壤中使用除草剂草甘膦会导致29%的产量损失，这与害虫和真菌病害的发生率较高有关；在所有处理中，种子中均未检测到草甘膦残留；然而，在与当地生产系统相关的杀虫剂衍生的其他分子中检测到了残留。总之，在香附子杂草压力大的地块中，建议使用覆盖物作为一种替代方法，以长期维持豆类生产力；通过提供保护，防止除草剂对植物根系和生物强化豆类作物的土壤微生物群产生影响。
