The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2019 Aug;50:121-131. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.04.007. Epub 2019 May 30.
NLRs are modular plant and animal proteins that are intracellular sensors of pathogen-associated molecules. Upon pathogen perception, NLRs trigger a potent broad-spectrum immune reaction known as the hypersensitive response. An emerging paradigm is that plant NLR immune receptors form networks with varying degrees of complexity. NLRs may have evolved from multifunctional singleton receptors, which combine pathogen detection (sensor activity) and immune signalling (helper or executor activity) into a single protein, to functionally specialized interconnected receptor pairs and networks. In this article, we highlight some of the recent advances in plant NLR biology by discussing models of NLR evolution, NLR complex formation, and how NLR (mis)regulation modulates immunity and autoimmunity. Multidisciplinary approaches are required to dissect the evolution, assembly, and regulation of the immune receptor circuitry of plants. With the new conceptual framework provided by the elucidation of the structure and activation mechanism of a plant NLR resistosome, this field is entering an exciting era of research.
NLRs 是一种模块化的植物和动物蛋白，是细胞内病原体相关分子的感应器。在感知病原体后，NLRs 会引发一种强大的广谱免疫反应，称为过敏性反应。一个新兴的范例是，植物 NLR 免疫受体形成具有不同复杂程度的网络。NLR 可能是从多功能单一受体进化而来的，单一受体将病原体检测（感应器活性）和免疫信号（辅助或执行器活性）结合到单个蛋白中，演变成功能专门化的相互连接的受体对和网络。在本文中，我们通过讨论 NLR 进化、NLR 复合物形成以及 NLR（错误）调节如何调节免疫和自身免疫的模型，强调了植物 NLR 生物学的一些最新进展。需要采用多学科方法来剖析植物免疫受体电路的进化、组装和调控。随着阐明植物 NLR 抗病体的结构和激活机制提供的新概念框架，该领域正在进入一个激动人心的研究时代。
