Sutherland Chandler A, Stevens Danielle M, Seong Kyungyong, Wei Wei, Krasileva Ksenia V
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Plant Cell. 2025 May 9;37(5). doi: 10.1093/plcell/koaf109.
Plants rely on germline-encoded, innate immune receptors to sense pathogens and initiate the defense response. The exponential increase in quality and quantity of genomes, RNA-seq datasets, and protein structures has underscored the incredible biodiversity of plant immunity. Arabidopsis continues to serve as a valuable model and theoretical foundation of our understanding of wild plant diversity of immune receptors, while expansion of study into agricultural crops has also revealed distinct evolutionary trajectories and challenges. Here, we provide the classical context for study of both intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors and surface-localized pattern recognition receptors at the levels of DNA sequences, transcriptional regulation, and protein structures. We then examine how recent technology has shaped our understanding of immune receptor evolution and informed our ability to efficiently engineer resistance. We summarize current literature and provide an outlook on how researchers take inspiration from natural diversity in bioengineering efforts for disease resistance from Arabidopsis and other model systems to crops.
植物依靠种系编码的先天免疫受体来感知病原体并启动防御反应。基因组、RNA测序数据集和蛋白质结构在质量和数量上的指数增长凸显了植物免疫令人难以置信的生物多样性。拟南芥仍然是我们理解野生植物免疫受体多样性的宝贵模型和理论基础，而对农作物研究的扩展也揭示了不同的进化轨迹和挑战。在这里，我们在DNA序列、转录调控和蛋白质结构层面为细胞内核苷酸结合、富含亮氨酸重复序列受体以及表面定位的模式识别受体的研究提供了经典背景。然后，我们研究了最近的技术如何塑造了我们对免疫受体进化的理解，并为我们有效设计抗性的能力提供了信息。我们总结了当前的文献，并展望了研究人员如何从自然多样性中汲取灵感，在从拟南芥和其他模型系统到作物的抗病生物工程努力中发挥作用。
