South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ehime, 798-4206, Japan.
Theriogenology. 2019 Jul 15;133:216-227. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.032.
Surrogate propagation is a systematic approach to producing donor-derived gametes using germline chimeras. In fish, the use of germline chimeras to study the development of germ cells was first conducted in the 1990s in the model fish species medaka (Oryzias latipes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). More recently, surrogate propagation has been actively investigated as a means of efficient gamete production not only in model fish species but also in aquaculture species and endangered species. Surrogate propagation has the following components: combination of the donor and host species, host sterilization, donor cell preparation, transplantation of germ cells, and gametogenesis and gamete production in surrogate fish. In this review, we first provide a general overview of previous studies related to germ cell transplantation and the methodologies developed for different species, and consider how these have been applied in practice. Second, we consider the development of primordial germ cells in fish embryos, particularly the molecular biological approaches used for the visualization of germ cells and sterilization of host embryos. Finally, we discuss sex control in germline chimeras, which may be a key component of the use of surrogate production in aquaculture. We focus on techniques to produce sterile fish, as these are crucial to the exclusive production of donor gametes in a surrogate host. The advantages and disadvantages of various aspects of surrogate propagation are discussed, the potential use of surrogate propagation as a seedling production system is considered, and future perspectives for aquaculture are suggested.
代孕繁殖是一种利用种系嵌合体生产供体来源配子的系统方法。在鱼类中，利用种系嵌合体研究生殖细胞发育的研究始于 20 世纪 90 年代，在模式鱼类物种日本青鳉（Oryzias latipes）和斑马鱼（Danio rerio）中进行。最近，代孕繁殖作为一种有效生产配子的方法，不仅在模式鱼类物种中，而且在水产养殖物种和濒危物种中，都得到了积极的研究。代孕繁殖有以下几个组成部分：供体和宿主物种的组合、宿主的绝育、供体细胞的准备、生殖细胞的移植以及代孕鱼的配子发生和配子产生。在这篇综述中，我们首先提供了以前与生殖细胞移植相关的研究和为不同物种开发的方法的概述，并考虑了这些方法在实践中的应用。其次，我们考虑了鱼类胚胎中原始生殖细胞的发育，特别是用于可视化生殖细胞和宿主胚胎绝育的分子生物学方法。最后，我们讨论了种系嵌合体中的性别控制，这可能是代孕生产在水产养殖中应用的关键组成部分。我们专注于产生不育鱼类的技术，因为这些技术对于在代孕宿主中独家生产供体配子至关重要。讨论了代孕繁殖各个方面的优缺点，考虑了代孕繁殖作为一种苗种生产系统的潜在用途，并对水产养殖的未来前景提出了建议。
