Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Atlanta, GA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2019 Dec;13(5-6):989-994. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2018.157.
Outbreaks of emerging infectious disease are a constant threat. In the last 10 years, there have been outbreaks of 2009 influenza A (H1N1), Ebola virus disease, and Zika virus. Stigma associated with infectious disease can be a barrier to adopting healthy behaviors, leading to more severe health problems, ongoing disease transmission, and difficulty controlling infectious disease outbreaks. Much has been learned about infectious disease and stigma in the context of nearly 4 decades of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pandemic. In this paper, we define stigma, discuss its relevance to infectious disease outbreaks, including how individuals and communities can be affected. Adapting lessons learned from the rich literature on HIV-related stigma, we propose a strategy for reducing stigma during infectious disease outbreaks such as Ebola virus disease and Zika virus. The implementation of brief, practical strategies such as the ones proposed here might help reduce stigma and facilitate more effective control of emerging infectious diseases.
新发传染病的爆发是一个持续存在的威胁。在过去的 10 年中，发生了 2009 年甲型 H1N1 流感、埃博拉病毒病和寨卡病毒的爆发。与传染病相关的污名将成为采取健康行为的障碍，导致更严重的健康问题、持续的疾病传播以及传染病爆发控制的困难。在近 40 年的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）/获得性免疫缺陷综合征大流行背景下，人们已经了解了许多关于传染病和污名的知识。在本文中，我们定义了污名，并讨论了其与传染病爆发的相关性，包括个人和社区如何受到影响。我们借鉴了与 HIV 相关污名的丰富文献中的经验教训，提出了在埃博拉病毒病和寨卡病毒等传染病爆发期间减少污名的策略。实施这里提出的简短、实用的策略可能有助于减少污名，并促进更有效地控制新发传染病。
