Filipovic Andre, Bizjak Daniel, Tomschi Fabian, Bloch Wilhelm, Grau Marijke
Institute of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Physiol. 2019 May 9;10:548. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00548. eCollection 2019.
Red blood cell nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) dependent NO production positively affects RBC deformability which is known to improve oxygen supply to the working tissue. Whole-body electrostimulation (WB-EMS) has been shown to improve maximum strength, sprinting and jumping performance, and to increase deformability in elite soccer players during the season. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether WB-EMS affects RBC turnover which might affect overall deformability of circulating RBC by rejuvenation of the RBC population and if this might be related to improved endurance capacity. Thirty male field soccer players were assigned in either a WB-EMS group (EG, = 10), a training group (TG, = 10), or a control group (CG, = 10). EG performed 3 × 10 squat jumps superimposed with WB-EMS twice per week in concurrent to 2-4 soccer training sessions and one match per week. TG only performed 3 × 10 squat jumps without EMS in addition to their soccer routine and the CG only performed the usual soccer training and match per week. Subjects were tested before (Baseline) and in week 7 (wk-7), with blood sampling before (Pre), 15-30 min after (Post), and 24 h after (24 h post) the training. Endurance capacity was determined before and directly after the training period. The key findings of the investigation indicate an increase in young RBC in the EG group along with improved overall RBC deformability, represented by decreased SS1/2:EImax Ratio. Analysis of the different RBC subfractions revealed improved RBC deformability of old RBC during study period. This improvement was not only observed in the EG but also in TG and CG. Changes in RBC deformability were not associated to altered RBC-NOS/NO signaling pathway. Endurance capacity remained unchanged during study period. In summary, the effect of WB-EMS on RBC physiology seems to be rather low and results are only in part comparable to previous findings. According to the lower training volume of the present study it can be speculated that the soccer specific training load in addition to the WB-EMS was too low to induce changes in RBC physiology.
红细胞一氧化氮合酶（RBC-NOS）依赖性一氧化氮生成对红细胞变形性有积极影响，而红细胞变形性已知可改善向工作组织的氧气供应。全身电刺激（WB-EMS）已被证明可提高最大力量、短跑和跳跃成绩，并在赛季中提高精英足球运动员的红细胞变形性。本研究的目的是调查WB-EMS是否会影响红细胞更新，这可能通过使红细胞群体年轻化来影响循环红细胞的整体变形性，以及这是否可能与耐力能力的提高有关。30名男性足球运动员被分为全身电刺激组（EG，n = 10）、训练组（TG，n = 10）或对照组（CG，n = 10）。EG组在每周2-4次足球训练课程和1场比赛的同时，每周进行2次3×10次深蹲跳并叠加WB-EMS。TG组除了足球常规训练外，仅进行3×10次无EMS的深蹲跳，CG组仅进行每周常规的足球训练和比赛。在训练前（基线）和第7周（第7周）对受试者进行测试，在训练前（Pre）、训练后15-30分钟（Post）和训练后24小时（24小时后）进行采血。在训练期前后测定耐力能力。调查的主要发现表明，EG组年轻红细胞增加，同时红细胞整体变形性提高，表现为SS1/2:EImax比值降低。对不同红细胞亚组分的分析显示，在研究期间老龄红细胞的变形性有所改善。这种改善不仅在EG组中观察到，在TG组和CG组中也观察到。红细胞变形性的变化与红细胞一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮信号通路的改变无关。在研究期间耐力能力保持不变。总之，WB-EMS对红细胞生理的影响似乎相当小，结果仅部分与先前的研究结果可比。根据本研究较低的训练量，可以推测除WB-EMS外的足球专项训练负荷过低，不足以引起红细胞生理的变化。
