Valencia Arias C, Martínez Osorio A, Morales Osorio J G, Ramírez-Gil J G
Depto de Ciencias Agronómicas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Univ Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
Facultad de Minas, Univ Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
Neotrop Entomol. 2019 Aug;48(4):583-593. doi: 10.1007/s13744-019-00685-6. Epub 2019 Jun 3.
Beetle insect species classified within the Melolonthidae complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) are a serious pest in several crops around the world including avocado (Persea americana Mill). The present work focused on determining the spatial behavior of the Melolonthidae complex of beetles and determined the economic impact in avocado crops in Antioquia, Colombia, South America. Beetle presence and damage produced in both foliage and fruits were quantified during 3 years for each avocado tree tested in two planted lots located in different places. The indexes of Cambardella, Morisita, and economic losses were calculated with data obtained. Our results strongly suggest that beetles present an isotropic movement in the lots with the damage beginning by the borders. Once insects enter the lots, they move in any direction inside the crop area with weak or moderate spatial dependence and low or null aggregation. Strong preference for fruits rather than foliage was observed. Economic analysis indicates that damage in fruit skin causes major losses. From observed results, it is proposed that integrated pest control should be directed mainly to fruits from the very early stages of growth and development and traps should be localized strategically and following the spatial and temporal distribution of insects for both prevention and control.
归类于鳃金龟科复合体（鞘翅目：金龟总科）的甲虫种类是包括鳄梨（牛油果，学名Persea americana Mill）在内的全球多种作物的严重害虫。本研究聚焦于确定鳃金龟科复合体甲虫的空间行为，并确定其对南美洲哥伦比亚安蒂奥基亚省鳄梨作物的经济影响。在位于不同地点的两个种植地块中，对每棵测试鳄梨树在3年时间里甲虫的存在情况以及叶片和果实上产生的损害进行了量化。利用所获得的数据计算了坎巴德拉指数、森下指数和经济损失。我们的结果有力地表明，甲虫在地块中呈现各向同性运动，损害从边界开始。一旦昆虫进入地块，它们在作物区域内朝任何方向移动，空间依赖性弱或中等，聚集程度低或不存在。观察到它们对果实的偏好远高于叶片。经济分析表明，果皮受损造成的损失最大。根据观察结果，建议综合虫害防治应主要针对生长发育早期阶段的果实，诱捕器应根据昆虫的空间和时间分布进行战略性定位，以实现预防和控制。
