Schalla Martha A, Stengel Andreas
Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Front Nutr. 2019 May 21;6:69. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00069. eCollection 2019.
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe eating disorder affecting around 1 per 100 persons. However, the knowledge about its underlying pathophysiology is limited. To address the need for a better understanding of AN, an animal model was established early on in the late 1960's: the activity-based anorexia (ABA) model in which rats have access to a running wheel combined with restricted food access leading to self-starving/body weight loss and hyperactivity. Both symptoms, separately or combined, can also be found in patients with AN. The aim of this systematic review was to compile the current knowledge about this animal model as well as to address gaps in knowledge. Using the data bases of PubMed, Embase and Web of science 102 publications were identified meeting the search criteria. Here, we show that the ABA model mimics core features of human AN and has been characterized with regards to brain alterations, hormonal changes as well as adaptations of the immune system. Moreover, pharmacological interventions in ABA animals and new developments, such as a chronic adaptation of the ABA model, will be highlighted. The chronic model might be well suited to display AN characteristics but should be further characterized. Lastly, limitations of the model will be discussed.
神经性厌食症（AN）是一种严重的饮食失调症，每100人中约有1人受其影响。然而，关于其潜在病理生理学的认识有限。为了满足更好地理解AN的需求，在20世纪60年代末早期建立了一种动物模型：基于活动的厌食症（ABA）模型，在该模型中，大鼠可以使用跑步机，但食物供应受限，导致自我饥饿/体重减轻和多动。这两种症状，单独或合并出现，在AN患者中也能发现。本系统综述的目的是汇编有关该动物模型的现有知识，并填补知识空白。通过使用PubMed、Embase和Web of science数据库，确定了102篇符合搜索标准的出版物。在此，我们表明ABA模型模拟了人类AN的核心特征，并已在脑改变、激素变化以及免疫系统适应性方面得到了表征。此外，还将重点介绍对ABA动物的药物干预和新进展，如ABA模型的慢性适应性变化。慢性模型可能非常适合表现AN的特征，但仍需进一步表征。最后，将讨论该模型的局限性。
