Comparative analysis of putative novel microRNA expression profiles induced by enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 infections in human umbilical vein endothelial cells using high-throughput sequencing.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is mainly caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), which circulate alternatively or together in epidemic areas. Although the two viruses exhibit genetic homology, their clinical manifestations have some discrepancies. However, the factors underlying these differences remain unclear. Herein, we mainly focused on the alterations and roles of putative novel miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following EV71 and CA16 infections using high-throughput sequencing. The results identified 247 putative novel, differentially expressed miRNAs, of which only 11 miRNAs presented an opposite trend between the EV71- and CA16-infected samples and were used for target prediction. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis of the predicted targets displayed the top 15 significant biological processes, molecular functions, cell components and pathways. Subsequently, regulatory miRNA-predicted targets and miRNA-GO and miRNA-pathway networks were constructed to further reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms of the miRNAs during infection. Therefore, our data provide useful insights that will help elucidate the different host-pathogen interactions following EV71 and CA16 infections and may offer novel therapeutic targets for these infections.