Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2019 Nov 5;222:117210. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117210. Epub 2019 May 27.
Raman spectroscopy was employed for the characterization of blood plasma samples from patients at different stages of breast cancer. Blood plasma samples taken from clinically diagnosed breast cancer patients were compared with healthy controls using multivariate data analysis techniques (principal components analysis - PCA) to establish Raman spectral features which can be considered spectral markers of breast cancer development. All the stages of the disease can be differentiated from normal samples. It is also found that stage 2 and 3 are biochemically similar, but can be differentiated from each other by PCA. The Raman spectral data of the stage 4 is found to be biochemically distinct, but very variable between patients. Raman spectral features associated with DNA and proteins were identified, which are exclusive to patient plasma samples. Moreover, there are several other spectral features which are strikingly different in the blood plasma samples of different stages of breast cancer. In order to further explore the potential of Raman spectroscopy as the basis of a minimally invasive screening technique for breast cancer diagnosis and staging, PCA-Factorial Discriminant Analysis (FDA) was employed to classify the Raman spectral datasets of the blood plasma samples of the breast cancer patients, according to different stages of the disease, yielding promisingly high values of sensitivity and specificity for all stages.
拉曼光谱被用于对处于不同乳腺癌阶段的患者血浆样本进行特征描述。通过使用多元数据分析技术（主成分分析 - PCA），对来自临床诊断为乳腺癌的患者的血浆样本与健康对照组进行了比较，以确定可以被认为是乳腺癌发展的光谱标志物的拉曼光谱特征。可以将所有疾病阶段与正常样本区分开来。此外，还发现 2 期和 3 期在生化上相似，但可以通过 PCA 彼此区分。发现 4 期的拉曼光谱数据在生化上是不同的，但在患者之间变化很大。鉴定出与 DNA 和蛋白质相关的拉曼光谱特征，这些特征是患者血浆样本所特有的。此外，在不同阶段的乳腺癌患者的血浆样本中，还有其他几个光谱特征明显不同。为了进一步探索拉曼光谱作为基于非侵入性筛查技术的基础，用于乳腺癌诊断和分期的潜力，根据疾病的不同阶段，采用主成分分析 - 因子判别分析（PCA-FDA）对乳腺癌患者的血浆样本的拉曼光谱数据集进行分类，对所有阶段的检测都具有很高的灵敏度和特异性。
