UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.
Qual Life Res. 2019 Oct;28(10):2831-2837. doi: 10.1007/s11136-019-02224-7. Epub 2019 Jun 8.
The main purpose of this research was to examine the longitudinal measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) in adolescence.
The sample was composed by 484 adolescents from Spain, 46.7% were males. All participants belonged to six academic levels from Grade 7 to Grade 12, and answered the questionnaires at two different times: at the beginning (M = 14.95, SD = 1.81) and at the end of the school year (M = 15.61, SD = 1.81). The reliability of the scale was obtained through Cronbach's alpha, Guttman lambda, and MacDonald's Omega total. The multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was used to examine the fit of the unifactorial model to data and to test the measurement of longitudinal invariance of the scale across two time points (at the beginning T1, and the end T2, of the academic year), and the time points and groups (gender and age).
The values of the single-factor SWLS structure were T1 (CFI = 1.000, TLI = .997, RMSEA = .080, and SRMR = .028), and T2 (CFI = .997, TLI = .995, RMSEA = .032, and SRMR = .034). On the other hand, values of the reliability and composite reliability when analyzing both time points together as well as separately were as follows: Cronbach's alpha = .86, Guttman's lambda = .84, McDonald's Omega total = .89. Results confirmed the longitudinal invariance of SWLS. The differences in gender and age were not significant and the small differences across time points showed that the means of the latent factor remained the same over time in both variables.
The present study confirmed the single-factor structure of the SWLS in Spanish adolescents, as well as a good reliability and composite reliability. The full longitudinal measurement invariance was also found and there were negligible differences across time points considering gender and age. If these findings are further replicated, the scale could be used to compare the life satisfaction across two time points considering different age and gender groups.
本研究的主要目的是检验青少年生活满意度量表（SWLS）的纵向测量不变性。
该样本由来自西班牙的 484 名青少年组成，其中 46.7%为男性。所有参与者均来自 7 年级至 12 年级的六个年级，在两个不同时间点回答问卷：学年开始时（M=14.95，SD=1.81）和学年结束时（M=15.61，SD=1.81）。通过 Cronbach's alpha、Guttman lambda 和 MacDonald's Omega total 获得量表的信度。多组验证性因素分析（MGCFA）用于检验单因素模型对数据的拟合程度，并测试量表在两个时间点（学年开始 T1 和结束 T2）以及时间点和组（性别和年龄）的纵向不变性的测量。
SWLS 单因素结构的各时间点值为 T1（CFI=1.000，TLI=0.997，RMSEA=0.080，SRMR=0.028）和 T2（CFI=0.997，TLI=0.995，RMSEA=0.032，SRMR=0.034）。另一方面，当同时分析两个时间点以及分别分析时，可靠性和综合可靠性的值如下：Cronbach's alpha=0.86，Guttman's lambda=0.84，McDonald's Omega total=0.89。结果证实了 SWLS 的纵向不变性。性别和年龄的差异不显著，并且时间点之间的微小差异表明，在两个变量中，潜在因素的平均值随时间保持不变。
本研究在西班牙青少年中证实了 SWLS 的单因素结构，以及良好的可靠性和综合可靠性。还发现了完全的纵向测量不变性，并且考虑到性别和年龄，时间点之间的差异可以忽略不计。如果这些发现得到进一步验证，该量表可用于比较两个时间点不同年龄和性别群体的生活满意度。
