Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
J Gene Med. 2019 Aug;21(8):e3104. doi: 10.1002/jgm.3104. Epub 2019 Jul 1.
The human genome has been demonstrated to be pervasively transcribed, with a large fraction of the transcriptome representing non-protein-coding RNA species. A relatively novel class of non-coding RNAs, referred to as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), has attracted increasing attention over recent years. Long non-coding RNAs comprise a very heterogenous class of transcripts that exert various functions in mammalian cells. Although the number of identified and annotated lncRNAs has been increasing steadily, our understanding of the biological roles for the vast majority of these transcripts remains limited. In this review, a broad concept of the currently known lncRNA modes of action is provided. Examples of mammalian lncRNAs with well-established biological roles are highlighted and their molecular functions and mechanisms are discussed in detail.
人类基因组已被证明广泛转录，转录组的很大一部分代表非蛋白质编码 RNA 种类。近年来，一种相对较新的非编码 RNA 类别，称为长非编码 RNA (lncRNA)，引起了越来越多的关注。长非编码 RNA 由一类非常异质的转录本组成，在哺乳动物细胞中发挥各种功能。尽管已鉴定和注释的 lncRNA 数量在稳步增加，但我们对这些转录本绝大多数的生物学功能仍知之甚少。在这篇综述中，提供了目前已知的 lncRNA 作用模式的广泛概念。强调了具有明确生物学作用的哺乳动物 lncRNA 的例子，并详细讨论了它们的分子功能和机制。
