a GIGA Consciousness, GIGA Research Center University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
b Coma Science Group , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium.
Memory. 2019 Sep;27(8):1122-1129. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1626438. Epub 2019 Jun 12.
Near-death experiences (NDEs) are usually associated with positive affect, however, a small proportion are considered distressing. We aimed to look into the proportion of distressing NDEs in a sample of NDE narratives, categorise distressing narratives according to Greyson and Bush's classification (inverse, void or hellish), and compare distressing and "classical" NDEs. Participants wrote down their experience, completed the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (assessing the phenomenology of memories) and the Greyson scale (characterising content of NDEs). The proportion of suicidal attempts, content and intensity of distressing and classical NDEs were compared using frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Distressing NDEs represent 14% of our sample ( = 123). We identified 8 inverse, 8 hellish and 1 void accounts. The proportion of suicide survivors is higher in distressing NDEs as compared to classical ones. Finally, memories of distressing NDEs appear as phenomenologically detailed as classical ones. Distressing NDEs deserve careful consideration to ensure their integration into experiencers' identity.
濒死体验（NDE）通常与积极的情绪相关，但也有一小部分被认为是痛苦的。我们的目的是研究 NDE 叙述样本中痛苦 NDE 的比例，根据 Greyson 和 Bush 的分类（反转、虚空或地狱）对痛苦的叙述进行分类，并比较痛苦和“经典”NDE。参与者写下他们的体验，完成记忆特征问卷（评估记忆的现象学）和 Greyson 量表（描述 NDE 的内容）。使用频率论和贝叶斯统计学比较痛苦和经典 NDE 的自杀尝试、内容和强度。使用频率论和贝叶斯统计学比较痛苦和经典 NDE 的自杀尝试、内容和强度。痛苦的 NDE 占我们样本的 14%（n=123）。我们确定了 8 个反转、8 个地狱和 1 个虚空的描述。与经典 NDE 相比，痛苦 NDE 的自杀幸存者比例更高。最后，痛苦的 NDE 记忆在现象学上似乎和经典的一样详细。痛苦的 NDE 值得仔细考虑，以确保将其纳入体验者的身份认同。
