MYC 调控地塞米松调节的 MPLA 激活的树突状细胞的耐受特征。
Regulation of Tolerogenic Features on Dexamethasone-Modulated MPLA-Activated Dendritic Cells by MYC.
机构信息
Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
出版信息
Front Immunol. 2019 May 28;10:1171. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01171. eCollection 2019.
The potential of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) to shape immune responses and restore tolerance has turn them into a promising therapeutic tool for cellular therapies directed toward immune regulation in autoimmunity. Although the cellular mechanisms by which these cells can exert their regulatory function are well-known, the mechanisms driving their differentiation and function are still poorly known, and the variety of stimuli and protocols applied to differentiate DCs toward a tolerogenic phenotype makes it even more complex to underpin the molecular features involved in their function. Through transcriptional profiling analysis of monocyte-derived tolDCs modulated with dexamethasone (Dex) and activated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), known as DM-DCs, we were able to identify MYC as one of the transcriptional regulators of several genes differentially expressed on DM-DCs compared to MPLA-matured DCs (M-DCs) and untreated/immature DCs (DCs) as revealed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) upstream regulators evaluation. Additionally, MYC was also amidst the most upregulated genes in DM-DCs, finding that was confirmed at a transcriptional as well as at a protein level. Blockade of transactivation of MYC target genes led to the downregulation of tolerance-related markers IDO1 and JAG1. MYC blockade also led to downregulation of PLZF and STAT3, transcription factors associated with immune regulation and inhibition of DC maturation, further supporting a role of MYC as an upstream regulator contributing to the regulatory phenotype of DM-DCs. On the other hand, we had previously shown that fatty acid oxidation, oxidative metabolism and zinc homeostasis are amongst the main biological functions represented in DM-DCs, and here we show that DM-DCs exhibit higher intracellular expression of ROS and Zinc compared to mature M-DCs and DCs. Taken together, these findings suggest that the regulatory profile of DM-DCs is partly shaped by the effect of the transcriptional regulation of tolerance-inducing genes by MYC and the modulation of oxidative metabolic processes and signaling mediators such as Zinc and ROS.
耐受性树突状细胞(tolDCs)具有塑造免疫反应和恢复耐受性的潜力,这使其成为细胞治疗中一种有前途的免疫调节工具,可用于自身免疫中的免疫调节。尽管这些细胞发挥其调节功能的细胞机制已经广为人知,但驱动其分化和功能的机制仍知之甚少,并且应用于将 DC 分化为耐受性表型的各种刺激物和方案使其功能所涉及的分子特征更加复杂。通过对用地塞米松(Dex)调节并用单磷酰脂质 A(MPLA)激活的单核细胞来源的 tolDCs(称为 DM-DCs)进行转录谱分析,我们能够鉴定出 MYC 是与未经处理/未成熟 DC(DCs)相比在 DM-DCs 中差异表达的几个基因的转录调节剂之一。通过对 DM-DCs 中转录因子 MYC 的调控作用进行分析,我们发现 MYC 是 DM-DCs 中上调基因最显著的转录因子之一,这一结果通过 IPA 上游调控因子分析得到了验证。此外,MYC 也是 DM-DCs 中上调最显著的基因之一,这一结果在转录和蛋白质水平上都得到了证实。阻断 MYC 靶基因的反式激活导致与耐受性相关的标志物 IDO1 和 JAG1 的下调。MYC 阻断还导致 PLZF 和 STAT3 的下调,这两种转录因子与免疫调节和 DC 成熟抑制有关,进一步支持 MYC 作为一种上游调节剂,有助于 DM-DCs 的调节表型。另一方面,我们之前已经表明,脂肪酸氧化、氧化代谢和锌稳态是 DM-DCs 中主要的生物学功能之一,在这里我们表明 DM-DCs 比成熟的 M-DCs 和 DCs 具有更高的细胞内 ROS 和锌表达。综上所述,这些发现表明,DM-DCs 的调节表型部分由 MYC 对诱导耐受基因的转录调节的影响以及氧化代谢过程和信号转导介质(如锌和 ROS)的调节塑造。
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