Saghafi Davood, Delangiz Nasser, Lajayer Behnam Asgari, Ghorbanpour Manour
1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Biotech. 2019 Jul;9(7):261. doi: 10.1007/s13205-019-1799-0. Epub 2019 Jun 10.
Salinity of water and soil are of the most important factors limiting the production of crops. Moreover, with the increasing population of the planet and saline fields worldwide there is no choice but to use saline soil and water in the near future. Therefore, to increase plant growth under saline stress condition, provision of sustainable and environmentally friendly management for the use of saline water and soil resources is necessary. The development of saline resistant plants is a potent approach to solve this problem. Generally, soil salinity negatively affects the plant growth through ion toxicity, oxidative stress, osmotic stress and ethylene generation. In recent years, scientists through genetic engineering techniques, which are based on molecular and physiological characteristics of plants, have made salt tolerance plants. However, the validation of the present technique is restricted to laboratory condition and it is not easily applied in the agronomy research under field environment. Another option would be to isolate and utilize salinity resistant microorganisms from the rhizosphere of halophyte plants, namely plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The mechanisms of these bacteria includes; ACC-deaminase and exopolysachared production, osmolite accumulation, antioxidant system activation, ion hemostasis and etc. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms of PGPR in producing tolerate plants under salt stress and how to improve the plant-microbe interactions in future for increasing agricultural productivity to feed all of the world's people.
水和土壤的盐度是限制作物产量的最重要因素之一。此外，随着全球人口的增长和盐碱地的增加，在不久的将来，除了使用盐碱土和盐碱水之外别无选择。因此，为了在盐胁迫条件下促进植物生长，有必要提供可持续且环保的盐碱水和土壤资源利用管理方法。培育耐盐植物是解决这一问题的有效途径。一般来说，土壤盐度通过离子毒性、氧化应激、渗透胁迫和乙烯生成对植物生长产生负面影响。近年来，科学家们基于植物的分子和生理特性，通过基因工程技术培育出了耐盐植物。然而，目前这项技术的验证仅限于实验室条件，不易应用于田间环境下的农学研究。另一种选择是从盐生植物的根际分离并利用耐盐微生物，即植物促生细菌（PGPR）。这些细菌的作用机制包括：ACC脱氨酶和胞外多糖的产生、渗透调节物质的积累、抗氧化系统的激活、离子稳态等。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论PGPR在盐胁迫下培育耐盐植物的机制，以及未来如何改善植物与微生物的相互作用以提高农业生产力，养活全世界的人口。
