Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.
Prog Brain Res. 2019;247:89-110. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.033. Epub 2019 Apr 17.
Growing evidence suggests that angry faces do not "pop-out" of crowds, and that the evidence for such effects has tended to arise from methodological issues and stimulus confounds. In contrast, evidence that angry faces exert special influence at later stages of information processing is accumulating. Here we use two common paradigms to show that participants have difficulty disengaging attention from angry faces relative to happy faces. Experiment 1 used a visual search task to show that angry crowds took longer to search. Experiment 2 used an exogenous cueing paradigm to show that brief onset angry faces held attention and delayed responses on a primary task. This suggests that when seen, they engage attention for longer time, but they do not have the preattentive features that would allow them to pop-out. Together, these two different experimental paradigms and realistic stimulus sets suggest that angry faces resist attentional disengagement.
越来越多的证据表明，愤怒的面孔不会从人群中“突出”，而这些效应的证据往往源于方法学问题和刺激混淆。相比之下，愤怒的面孔在信息处理的后期阶段施加特殊影响的证据正在积累。在这里，我们使用两种常见的范式来表明，与快乐面孔相比，参与者很难将注意力从愤怒面孔上转移开。实验 1 使用视觉搜索任务表明，愤怒的人群搜索时间更长。实验 2 使用外源性提示范式表明，短暂出现的愤怒面孔会吸引注意力，并延迟对主要任务的反应。这表明，当看到它们时，它们会更长时间地吸引注意力，但它们没有预先注意的特征，无法“突出”。这两个不同的实验范式和现实的刺激集表明，愤怒的面孔很难将注意力转移开。
