Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Intestinal Failure Rehabilitation Centre, National Reference Centre for Rare Digestive Diseases, APHP Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France.
Children's Hospital Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
Acta Paediatr. 2019 Nov;108(11):1942-1954. doi: 10.1111/apa.14900. Epub 2019 Jul 8.
The development of the gut microbiota occurs primarily during infancy, and growing evidence has emphasised its positive role and implications for human health. The aim of this review was to provide essential knowledge about the gut microbiota and to describe and highlight the importance of the factors that influence the gut microbiota in early life and their potential harmful effects later in life.
The European Paediatric Association, the Union of the National European Paediatric Societies and Associations, convened a panel of independent European experts to summarise the research on microbiota for general paediatricians. They used PubMed and the Cochrane Library to identify studies published in English up to June 2018.
A number of clinical conditions can disrupt the development of a stable gut microbiota. Changes in the microbiome have been documented in many chronic diseases, mainly immune-mediated gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and distinct patterns have been associated with each specific disease. The gut microbiota can be positively modulated with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, paraprobiotics and postbiotics.
Paediatricians can play a key role in preventing harmful events that could permanently influence the composition and/or function of the gut microbiota. Various treatment strategies can be used.
肠道微生物群的发展主要发生在婴儿期，越来越多的证据强调了其对人类健康的积极作用和影响。本综述的目的是提供有关肠道微生物群的基本知识，并描述和强调影响生命早期肠道微生物群的因素及其对生命后期潜在有害影响的重要性。
欧洲儿科学会、欧洲儿科协会联盟和国家儿科协会与协会联合会召集了一组独立的欧洲专家，为普通儿科医生总结了关于微生物群的研究。他们使用 PubMed 和 Cochrane 图书馆检索截至 2018 年 6 月以英语发表的研究。
许多临床情况会破坏稳定的肠道微生物群的发展。在许多慢性疾病中都记录到了微生物组的变化，主要是免疫介导的胃肠道和肝脏疾病，并且每种特定疾病都与特定的模式相关。益生菌、益生元、合生菌、拟生菌和后生菌可以对肠道微生物群进行积极的调节。
儿科医生可以在预防可能永久影响肠道微生物群组成和/或功能的有害事件方面发挥关键作用。可以使用各种治疗策略。
