中国北方山区河流的综合生态管理方法。
A comprehensive ecological management approach for northern mountain rivers in China.
机构信息
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhua Donglu, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China; Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China.
Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250014, China.
出版信息
Chemosphere. 2019 Nov;234:25-33. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.042. Epub 2019 Jun 7.
Mountain rivers not only play an important role in flood control, but also perform other functions such as conserving water sources, regulating microclimate, and maintaining water ecology and biodiversity. Because the conventional approach to managing mountain rivers overlooks the intrinsic requirements of river water, alters the natural landscape of river channels, and destroys habitats, it leads to water quality deterioration and ecological imbalance. The Yang River is characteristic of northern mountain rivers, and so the ecological management project for this river - at the site of the forthcoming Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games - was selected as an example of comprehensive ecological management. This comprises an ecological, permeable dam-pond-wetland system. Results showed that: (Zhu et al., 2006): river water quality improved substantially; improvements in the water quality indices exhibited the trend suspended solids (SS) > ammonium-nitrogen (NH-N) > chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Mikus et al., 2019). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef species richness index, and Pielou evenness index all indicated increased phytoplankton by an average of 52.1%, 2.4%, and 98.9%, respectively. These three diversity indices showed increased zooplankton, by an average of 1.2%, 0.5%, and 3.3%, respectively. Water quality in the Yang River was found to have changed from moderate to light pollution (Kuemmerlen et al., 2019). Each subsystem increased removal of pollutants from the Yang River. Removal efficiencies of COD, total phosphorous (TP), total nitrogen (TN), NH-N, and SS by the dam system were 28.57%, 28.3%, 20.5%, 24.0%, and 95%, respectively. Corresponding pollutant removal efficiencies by the pond system were 16.7%, 29.58%, 21.63%, 20.0%, and 99.8%, respectively. The wetland system achieved pollutant removal efficiencies of 44.0%, 17.1%, 6.7%, 13.9%, and 80.0%, respectively. This approach can mitigate flood control pressure, restore river ecology, and improve water quality in northern mountain rivers, and allow such rivers to achieve "retention-storage-restoration" effects. The ecological treatment approach provides an important theoretical foundation and technical reference for global mountain river management, and is especially applicable to mountain rivers in cold and arid regions in the northern hemisphere.
山区河流不仅在防洪方面发挥着重要作用，还具有其他功能，如水源保护、微气候调节以及维持水生态和生物多样性。由于传统的山区河流管理方法忽视了河水的内在要求，改变了河道的自然景观，并破坏了栖息地，导致水质恶化和生态失衡。长江是北方山区河流的典型代表，因此，该河流的生态管理项目——在北京 2022 年冬奥会举办地——被选为综合生态管理的范例。该项目包括一个生态、可渗透的坝-塘-湿地系统。结果表明：（Zhu 等人，2006 年）：河水水质得到了显著改善；水质指数的改善趋势为悬浮固体（SS）>氨氮（NH-N）>化学需氧量（COD）（Mikus 等人，2019 年）。Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数、Margalef 物种丰富度指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数均表明浮游植物平均增加了 52.1%、2.4%和 98.9%。这三个多样性指数表明，浮游动物平均增加了 1.2%、0.5%和 3.3%。长江水质已由中度污染变为轻度污染（Kuemmerlen 等人，2019 年）。每个子系统都增加了对长江污染物的去除。坝系统对 COD、总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、NH-N 和 SS 的去除效率分别为 28.57%、28.3%、20.5%、24.0%和 95%。塘系统的相应污染物去除效率分别为 16.7%、29.58%、21.63%、20.0%和 99.8%。湿地系统的污染物去除效率分别为 44.0%、17.1%、6.7%、13.9%和 80.0%。这种方法可以缓解防洪压力，恢复河流生态，改善北方山区河流的水质，并使这些河流达到“滞留-储存-恢复”的效果。生态处理方法为全球山区河流管理提供了重要的理论基础和技术参考，尤其适用于北半球寒冷干旱地区的山区河流。
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