Hopkins D R
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Public Health Rep. 1987 Nov-Dec;102(6):677-81.
Among ethnic minorities in the United States, blacks and Hispanics, who compose 12 percent and 7 percent of the U.S. population, respectively, constitute 24 percent and 14 percent of the cases of AIDS. Seventy-eight percent of all children with AIDS are black or Hispanic, as are 71 percent of all women with AIDS. In the black and Hispanic communities, intravenous (IV) drug abuse is associated with much of the AIDS transmission, and parenterally acquired infections are spread secondarily by sexual and perinatal transmission. Almost two-thirds of black and Hispanic persons with AIDS in the United States reside in New York, New Jersey, or Florida. Important differences in the understanding of AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus infection and control measures in minority communities must be considered in devising information and intervention programs for those communities. Programs intended specifically for minorities, especially greatly intensified prevention and treatment of IV drugs abuse, are needed to supplement programs aimed at the U.S. population in general. Combatting AIDS offers black and Hispanic populations an opportunity to greatly reduce IV drug abuse, other sexually transmitted diseases, and teenage pregnancy.
在美国的少数民族中，黑人与西班牙裔分别占美国人口的12%和7%，却分别构成了24%和14%的艾滋病病例。所有患艾滋病儿童中有78%是黑人或西班牙裔，所有患艾滋病女性中这一比例为71%。在黑人和西班牙裔社区，静脉注射吸毒与大部分艾滋病传播相关，经肠道外途径感染的疾病继而通过性传播和围产期传播扩散。在美国，几乎三分之二患艾滋病的黑人和西班牙裔人居住在纽约、新泽西或佛罗里达州。在为这些社区设计信息和干预项目时，必须考虑少数民族社区在对艾滋病和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的理解以及控制措施方面的重要差异。需要专门针对少数民族的项目，尤其是大力加强对静脉注射吸毒的预防和治疗，以补充针对美国全体人口的项目。抗击艾滋病为黑人和西班牙裔人群提供了一个大幅减少静脉注射吸毒、其他性传播疾病和青少年怀孕的机会。
