University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Plant Protection, Laboratory for Medical Entomology, Novi Sad, Serbia; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Prague, Czech Republic.
Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Parasitology, Prague, Czech Republic.
Acta Trop. 2019 Sep;197:105063. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105063. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
Serbia was a country endemic for leishmaniasis with rich and abundant sand fly fauna during the middle of the 20 century. After 1968, the disease was considered as eradicated, and as a consequence, all research on vectors and pathogens was neglected. The recent detection of Leishmania infantum in sand flies and confirmed cases of leishmaniasis in humans and dogs indicated the risk of re-emergence in Serbia. Also, for millions of refugees/immigrants, Serbia is a transit route between East-Mediterranean and Middle-East countries, and Central/North Europe, and it is under constant risk of vector and disease introduction. Primary objectives of this research were to determine which sand fly species are present around transit routes, whether they include vectors of the Leishmania spp. moreover, is/are Leishmania spp. present in the vectors. Surveys were conducted at 55 locations, organised in four clusters, which covered main immigrant routes and shelters/camps as well as tourist/trade transit routes. In total, 367 sand fly specimens were collected. Nine species were identified: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perfiliewi, P. tobbi, P. neglectus, P. sergenti, P. alexandri, P. simici, P. balcanicus and P. mascittii. Detection of P. alexandri represents the first record in Serbia. The diversity of sand fly species increased while the number of collected specimens per night decreased during the period of research neglection. Phlebotomus neglectus, a proven vector of L. infantum, was a predominant species in all surveyed clusters, and in 56,52% of locations, it was the only species present. Although all detected species are regarded either as proven or suspected vectors of Leishmania spp., screening of females for Leishmania presence resulted negative. Our study provides insight into the significant changes of sand fly fauna in Serbia during the end of XX and beginning of XXI century. Diverse sand fly fauna in Serbia suggests that the establishment of new leishmaniasis foci is possible.
塞尔维亚曾是一个存在利什曼病的国家，在 20 世纪中期拥有丰富多样的沙蝇区系。1968 年后，该疾病被认为已被根除，因此，所有有关媒介和病原体的研究都被忽视了。最近在沙蝇中检测到利什曼原虫以及在人类和狗中确诊的利什曼病病例表明，该疾病有在塞尔维亚再次出现的风险。此外，对于数百万难民/移民来说，塞尔维亚是东欧-地中海和中东国家与中北欧之间的过境路线，它一直面临着媒介和疾病传入的风险。本研究的主要目的是确定在过境路线周围存在哪些沙蝇物种，它们是否包括利什曼原虫的媒介，以及媒介中是否存在利什曼原虫。在四个集群中组织了 55 个地点进行调查，这些集群覆盖了主要的移民路线和收容所/营地以及旅游/贸易过境路线。总共收集了 367 只沙蝇标本。鉴定出 9 个物种：白蛉属（Phlebotomus）的 P. papatasi、P. perfiliewi、P. tobbi、P. neglectus、P. sergenti、P. alexandri、P. simici、P. balcanicus 和 P. mascittii。P. alexandri 的检测结果代表了在塞尔维亚的首次记录。在研究期间，随着夜间采集标本数量的减少，沙蝇物种的多样性增加。在所有调查的集群中，已被证实是 L. infantum 传播媒介的 P. neglectus 是优势种，在 56.52%的地点，它是唯一存在的物种。尽管所有检测到的物种都被认为是利什曼原虫的已知或疑似传播媒介，但对雌性沙蝇进行利什曼原虫存在情况筛查的结果为阴性。本研究提供了有关 20 世纪末至 21 世纪初塞尔维亚沙蝇区系发生重大变化的深入了解。塞尔维亚多样的沙蝇区系表明，有可能建立新的利什曼病病。
