Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 12, 8410, Rønde, Denmark.
National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2019 Oct;77(3):359-367. doi: 10.1007/s00244-019-00646-5. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
Lead is a widely used and toxic heavy metal that poses a serious hazard to wildlife species and their ecosystems. Lead is used for production of hunting ammunition. Via gunshot or rifle projectiles, it spreads in ecosystems and may end up in predators and scavengers feeding on wounded or dead animals shot with lead-based ammunition. To assess to what degree Danish raptors are subject to lead contamination, we measured the content of lead in liver tissue from Danish birds of prey (n = 137). Additionally, the study included values for 54 other trace elements. In our analysis, emphasis was put on interpretation of lead levels. Levels of cadmium, mercury and selenium were also discussed, while data for the remaining elements were provided for reference purposes. Bismuth was included to assess if lead originated from bismuth gunshot used as an alternative to lead shot. Concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury and selenium were generally below the levels in similar studies of birds of prey in other northern European countries and none exceeded known and generally accepted threshold values for adverse health effects. As for lead, this is possibly related to the phase out of lead shot for hunting since 1986. The study confirms results from other studies showing that bismuth shot contains traces of lead that is deposited with bismuth in the target animal.
铅是一种广泛使用且有毒的重金属，对野生动物及其生态系统构成严重危害。铅被用于生产狩猎弹药。通过射击或步枪弹丸，它在生态系统中传播，并可能最终进入以受伤或死亡动物为食的捕食者和食腐动物。为了评估丹麦猛禽受到铅污染的程度，我们测量了来自丹麦猛禽（n=137）肝脏组织中的铅含量。此外，该研究还包括了 54 种其他微量元素的值。在我们的分析中，重点放在了对铅含量的解读上。还讨论了镉、汞和硒的水平，而其余元素的数据仅供参考。铋被包括在内，以评估是否铅来自作为铅弹替代品的铋弹。铅、镉、汞和硒的浓度通常低于其他北欧国家猛禽类似研究中的水平，并且没有超过已知和普遍接受的对健康产生不利影响的阈值。至于铅，这可能与自 1986 年以来禁止使用铅弹狩猎有关。该研究证实了其他研究的结果，表明铋弹中含有铅，这些铅与铋一起沉积在靶动物中。
