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抗体 Fc 工程改造增强新生儿 Fc 受体结合和延长循环半衰期。

Antibody Fc engineering for enhanced neonatal Fc receptor binding and prolonged circulation half-life.

机构信息

Biologics Research, Sanofi , Framingham , MA , USA.

DPMK, Sanofi , Vitry-Sur-Seine , France.

出版信息

MAbs. 2019 Oct;11(7):1276-1288. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1633883. Epub 2019 Jul 18.

Abstract

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) promotes antibody recycling through rescue from normal lysosomal degradation. The binding interaction is pH-dependent with high affinity at low pH, but not under physiological pH conditions. Here, we combined rational design and saturation mutagenesis to generate novel antibody variants with prolonged half-life and acceptable development profiles. First, a panel of saturation point mutations was created at 11 key FcRn-interacting sites on the Fc region of an antibody. Multiple variants with slower FcRn dissociation kinetics than the wildtype (WT) antibody at pH 6.0 were successfully identified. The mutations were further combined and characterized for pH-dependent FcRn binding properties, thermal stability and the FcγRIIIa and rheumatoid factor binding. The most promising variants, YD (M252Y/T256D), DQ (T256D/T307Q) and DW (T256D/T307W), exhibited significantly improved binding to FcRn at pH 6.0 and retained similar binding properties as WT at pH 7.4. The pharmacokinetics in human FcRn transgenic mice and cynomolgus monkeys demonstrated that these properties translated to significantly prolonged plasma elimination half-life compared to the WT control. The novel variants exhibited thermal stability and binding to FcγRIIIa in the range comparable to clinically validated YTE and LS variants, and showed no enhanced binding to rheumatoid factor compared to the WT control. These engineered Fc mutants are promising new variants that are widely applicable to therapeutic antibodies, to extend their circulation half-life with obvious benefits of increased efficacy, and reduced dose and administration frequency.

摘要

新生儿 Fc 受体(FcRn)通过从正常溶酶体降解中拯救来促进抗体循环。结合相互作用是 pH 依赖性的,在低 pH 下具有高亲和力,但在生理 pH 条件下则没有。在这里,我们结合合理设计和饱和诱变,生成具有延长半衰期和可接受的开发概况的新型抗体变体。首先,在抗体 Fc 区域的 11 个关键 FcRn 相互作用位点上创建了一组饱和点突变体。在 pH 6.0 下,成功鉴定出与野生型(WT)抗体相比,FcRn 解离动力学较慢的多种变体。进一步对突变体进行组合并对 pH 依赖性 FcRn 结合特性、热稳定性以及 FcγRIIIa 和类风湿因子结合进行了表征。最有前途的变体 YD(M252Y/T256D)、DQ(T256D/T307Q)和 DW(T256D/T307W)在 pH 6.0 下显著改善了与 FcRn 的结合,并且在 pH 7.4 下与 WT 具有相似的结合特性。在人 FcRn 转基因小鼠和食蟹猴中的药代动力学研究表明,与 WT 对照相比,这些特性转化为显著延长的血浆消除半衰期。新型变体在热稳定性和与 FcγRIIIa 的结合方面表现出与临床验证的 YTE 和 LS 变体相当的范围,与 WT 对照相比,没有增强与类风湿因子的结合。这些工程 Fc 突变体是很有前途的新型变体,可广泛应用于治疗性抗体,以延长其循环半衰期,从而明显提高疗效,减少剂量和给药频率。

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