基层医疗研究的统计学基础。
Basics of statistics for primary care research.
作者信息
Guetterman Timothy C
机构信息
Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
出版信息
Fam Med Community Health. 2019 May;7(2). doi: 10.1136/fmch-2018-000067. Epub 2019 Mar 28.
The purpose of this article is to provide an accessible introduction to foundational statistical procedures and present the steps of data analysis to address research questions and meet standards for scientific rigour. It is aimed at individuals new to research with less familiarity with statistics, or anyone interested in reviewing basic statistics. After examining a brief overview of foundational statistical techniques, for example, differences between descriptive and inferential statistics, the article illustrates 10 steps in conducting statistical analysis with examples of each. The following are the general steps for statistical analysis: (1) formulate a hypothesis, (2) select an appropriate statistical test, (3) conduct a power analysis, (4) prepare data for analysis, (5) start with descriptive statistics, (6) check assumptions of tests, (7) run the analysis, (8) examine the statistical model, (9) report the results and (10) evaluate threats to validity of the statistical analysis. Researchers in family medicine and community health can follow specific steps to ensure a systematic and rigorous analysis.
本文旨在提供对基础统计程序的易懂介绍，并阐述数据分析的步骤，以解决研究问题并达到科学严谨性的标准。它面向刚接触研究且对统计学不太熟悉的个人，或任何有兴趣复习基础统计学的人。在简要概述基础统计技术（例如描述性统计和推断性统计之间的差异）之后，本文举例说明了进行统计分析的10个步骤。以下是统计分析的一般步骤：（1）提出假设；（2）选择合适的统计检验；（3）进行功效分析；（4）准备分析数据；（5）从描述性统计开始；（6）检查检验的假设；（7）运行分析；（8）检查统计模型；（9）报告结果；（10）评估对统计分析有效性的威胁。家庭医学和社区卫生领域的研究人员可以遵循特定步骤，以确保进行系统且严谨的分析。
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