Mohd Adnan Kausar
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia, KSA.
Bioinformation. 2018 Dec 22;14(9):540-553. doi: 10.6026/97320630014540. eCollection 2018.
Hypersensitivity or allergy encompasses a wide range of immunological reactions that generally have adverse consequences involving one or many organ systems of the body. Allergens are usually glycoprotein or chemically complex low molecular weight substances. The common allergens include pollen, fungal spores, house dust mite and house dust, animal danders, drugs, foods, insect emanations, and detritus, etc. Information on the role of insects in respiratory allergy is increasing in the literature. There are about 30 million living species of insects. These insects can broadly be classified as stinging insects, biting insects and non-stinging and non-biting insects. All materials form insets namely wings, scales, saliva; dried feces and venom can cause allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and urticaria. There are wide varieties of insects such as moths, butterflies, bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, flies, beetles, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. Exposure to emanations and detritus of these insects may lead to several allergies in some genetically predisposed individuals. Therefore, it is of interest to review allergies caused by various insect's stings and bites and their adverse effect on the human body.
超敏反应或过敏涵盖了广泛的免疫反应，这些反应通常会对身体的一个或多个器官系统产生不良后果。变应原通常是糖蛋白或化学结构复杂的低分子量物质。常见的变应原包括花粉、真菌孢子、屋尘螨和屋尘、动物皮屑、药物、食物、昆虫分泌物及碎屑等。关于昆虫在呼吸道过敏中作用的信息在文献中日益增多。昆虫约有3000万个现存物种。这些昆虫大致可分为叮咬昆虫、刺蛰昆虫以及非叮咬非刺蛰昆虫。昆虫的所有物质，即翅膀、鳞片、唾液、干粪便和毒液，都可引发过敏性疾病，如鼻炎、结膜炎、哮喘和荨麻疹。昆虫种类繁多，如蛾、蝴蝶、蜜蜂、黄蜂、大黄蜂、小黄蜂、苍蝇、甲虫、蟑螂和蚊子等。在一些具有遗传易感性的个体中，接触这些昆虫的分泌物和碎屑可能会引发多种过敏反应。因此，回顾各种昆虫叮咬和蛰刺引起的过敏反应及其对人体的不良影响是很有意义的。
