Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Environmental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Environ Int. 2019 Sep;130:104910. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104910. Epub 2019 Jun 18.
The main aim was to study associations between asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema among adults across China and dampness and mold at home. Young adults (N = 40,279) in eight cities in China answered a questionnaire in 2010-2012 (response rate 75.0%). Data on asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and the home environment was assessed by the questionnaire. Climate data was obtained from China Meteorological Administration and the website of Weather Underground. Health associations were analyzed by two-level logistic regression models, adjusting for covariates. Totally 1.6% had asthma, 6.6% allergic rhinitis and 2.2% eczema. Mold odor was associated with asthma (OR = 1.90) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.25-1.44). Window pane condensation in winter was associated with asthma (OR = 1.39), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.26-1.58) and eczema (OR = 1.36-1.77). Presence of mold spots or damp stains was related to asthma (OR = 1.58-2.49), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.35-1.76) and eczema (OR = 1.47-1.70). Water damage was related to asthma (OR = 1.69-1.82), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.40-1.45) and eczema (OR = 1.44-1.96). Damp bed clothing was related to asthma (OR = 1.23), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.23) and eczema (OR = 1.35). A higher dampness score was associated with increased odds ratios for diseases. Those living in older buildings had more asthma (OR = 1.39-1.76) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.16-1.21). Those living in suburban or rural areas had less asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema as compared to those living in urban areas (OR values from 0.24 to 0.66). Stronger health associations with dampness and mold were found in southern China and in newer buildings (constructed after 2005). In conclusion, dampness and mold at home can be risk factors for asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema among adults in China. Living in older buildings can be risk factors for asthma or allergic rhinitis while living in less urbanized areas can be protective.
目的 研究中国成年人哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹与家庭环境湿度和霉菌之间的关联。2010-2012 年，中国 8 个城市的青年成年人（N=40279）回答了一份问卷（应答率为 75.0%）。通过问卷评估哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、湿疹和家庭环境数据。气候数据来自中国气象局和天气地下网站。采用两水平逻辑回归模型分析健康关联，调整了协变量。共有 1.6%的人患有哮喘，6.6%的人患有过敏性鼻炎，2.2%的人患有湿疹。霉菌气味与哮喘（OR=1.90）和过敏性鼻炎（OR=1.25-1.44）有关。冬季窗户结霜与哮喘（OR=1.39）、过敏性鼻炎（OR=1.26-1.58）和湿疹（OR=1.36-1.77）有关。存在霉菌斑或潮湿斑与哮喘（OR=1.58-2.49）、过敏性鼻炎（OR=1.35-1.76）和湿疹（OR=1.47-1.70）有关。水损害与哮喘（OR=1.69-1.82）、过敏性鼻炎（OR=1.40-1.45）和湿疹（OR=1.44-1.96）有关。潮湿的床上用品与哮喘（OR=1.23）、过敏性鼻炎（OR=1.23）和湿疹（OR=1.35）有关。湿度评分较高与疾病的比值比增加有关。住在较老建筑中的人患哮喘（OR=1.39-1.76）和过敏性鼻炎（OR=1.16-1.21）的几率更高。与居住在城市地区的人相比，居住在郊区或农村地区的人患哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹的几率更低（OR 值为 0.24-0.66）。在中国南方和较新的建筑（2005 年后建造）中，与湿度和霉菌的关联更强。总之，家庭环境湿度和霉菌可能是中国成年人哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和湿疹的危险因素。居住在较老的建筑中可能是哮喘或过敏性鼻炎的危险因素，而居住在欠发达地区可能是保护因素。
