Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg. 2020 Apr 1;1861(4):148039. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.011. Epub 2019 Jun 20.
The higher plant chloroplast thylakoid membrane system performs the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These provide the ATP and NADPH required for the fixation of CO into biomass by the Calvin-Benson cycle and a range of other metabolic reactions in the stroma. Land plants are frequently challenged by fluctuations in their environment, such as light, nutrient and water availability, which can create a mismatch between the amounts of ATP and NADPH produced and the amounts required by the downstream metabolism. Left unchecked, such imbalances can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species that damage the plant and harm productivity. Fortunately, plants have evolved a complex range of regulatory processes to avoid or minimize such deleterious effects by controlling the efficiency of light harvesting and electron transfer in the thylakoid membrane. Generally the regulation of the light reactions has been studied and conceptualised at the microscopic level of protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions, however in recent years dynamic changes in the thylakoid macrostructure itself have been recognised to play a significant role in regulating light harvesting and electron transfer. Here we review the evidence for the involvement of macrostructural changes in photosynthetic regulation and review the techniques that brought this evidence to light.
高等植物叶绿体类囊体膜系统执行光合作用的光依赖反应。这些反应提供卡尔文-本森循环固定 CO2 为生物质所需的 ATP 和 NADPH，以及基质中一系列其他代谢反应所需的 ATP 和 NADPH。陆地植物经常受到环境波动的挑战，例如光、营养和水的供应，这可能导致产生的 ATP 和 NADPH 的量与下游代谢所需的量之间不匹配。如果不加控制，这种不平衡可能会导致活性氧的产生，从而损害植物并损害生产力。幸运的是，植物已经进化出了一系列复杂的调节过程，通过控制类囊体膜中的光捕获和电子传递效率来避免或最小化这种有害影响。一般来说，光反应的调节已经在蛋白质-蛋白质和蛋白质-配体相互作用的微观水平上进行了研究和概念化，然而近年来，类囊体宏观结构本身的动态变化已被认为在调节光捕获和电子传递方面发挥着重要作用。在这里，我们回顾了宏观结构变化参与光合作用调节的证据，并回顾了揭示这一证据的技术。
