National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Neuroimage. 2019 Oct 15;200:313-331. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.036. Epub 2019 Jun 21.
Aberrant patterns of brain functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) have been observed across different classes of substance use disorder (SUD) and are associated with craving and relapse. In addicted individuals resting functional connectivity (RSFC) of the anterior DMN, which participates in attribution of personal value and emotional regulation, tends to be decreased, whereas RSFC of the posterior DMN, which directs attention to the internal world, tends to be increased. Aberrant RSFC within the DMN is believed to contribute to impaired self-awareness, negative emotions and to ruminations in addiction. Additionally, the disrupted connectivity between DMN and cortical regions involved with executive function, memory and emotion could be critical to drug-taking regardless of negative consequences and to stress-triggered relapse. At the system level, the dynamics of DMN interactions with the executive control and the salience networks are also disturbed in addiction. The DMN is prominently engaged during the withdrawal and preoccupation phases of the addiction cycle at the expense of the executive control network and with an enhanced participation of the salience network. In contrast, DMN prominence appears to be transitorily decreased during the intoxication phases. There is also growing evidence that disruption of the DMN in addiction reflects in part changes in dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling associated with acute and chronic drug use. Findings are starting to reveal DMN RSFC as a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in SUD and identify the DMN as a promising target for the treatment of addiction.
在不同类型的物质使用障碍（SUD）中，都观察到默认模式网络（DMN）的脑功能连接异常模式，并且与渴望和复发有关。在成瘾个体中，参与归因于个人价值和情绪调节的前 DMN 的静息功能连接（RSFC）往往会降低，而将注意力引向内部世界的后 DMN 的 RSFC 往往会增加。DMN 内的异常 RSFC 被认为会导致自我意识受损、负面情绪和成瘾时的沉思。此外，DMN 与涉及执行功能、记忆和情绪的皮质区域之间的连接中断，可能与药物滥用有关，无论是否有负面后果，以及与压力引发的复发有关。在系统水平上，DMN 与执行控制和突显网络的相互作用动力学在成瘾中也被打乱。DMN 在成瘾循环的戒断和专注阶段显着参与，而牺牲了执行控制网络，并增强了突显网络的参与。相比之下，DMN 的突出性在陶醉阶段似乎暂时降低。越来越多的证据表明，成瘾中 DMN 的破坏部分反映了与急性和慢性药物使用相关的多巴胺能、谷氨酸能和 GABA 能信号的变化。研究结果开始揭示 DMN RSFC 作为预测 SUD 临床结果的潜在生物标志物，并将 DMN 确定为治疗成瘾的有希望的靶点。
