Hemström Jennifer, Albonico Andrea, Djouab Sarra, Barton Jason J S
Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Human Vision and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Medicine (Neurology), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Vision Res. 2019 Sep;162:8-19. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2019.06.007. Epub 2019 Jul 3.
To compare visual processing for different object types, we developed visual search tests that generated accuracy and response time parameters, including an object set-size effect that indexes perceptual processing load. Our goal was to compare visual search for two expert object types, faces and visual words, as well as a less expert type, cars. We first asked if faces and words showed greater inversion effects in search. Second, we determined whether search with upright stimuli correlated with other perceptual indices. Last we assessed for correlations between tests within a single orientation, and between orientations for a single object type. Object set-size effects were smaller for faces and words than cars. All accuracy and temporal measures showed an inversion effect for faces and words, but not cars. Face-search accuracy measures correlated with accuracy on the Cambridge Face Memory Test and word-search temporal measures correlated with single-word reading times, but car search did not correlate with semantic car knowledge. There were cross-orientation correlations for all object types, as well as cross-object correlations in the inverted orientation, while in the upright orientation face search did not correlate with word or car search. We conclude that object search shows effects of expertise. Compared to cars, words and faces showed smaller object set-size effects, greater inversion effects, and their search results correlated with other indices of perceptual expertise. The correlation analyses provide preliminary evidence supporting contributions from common processes in the case of inverted stimuli, object-specific processes that operate in both orientations, and distinct processing for upright faces.
为了比较不同物体类型的视觉处理，我们开发了视觉搜索测试，该测试生成了准确性和反应时间参数，包括一个索引感知处理负荷的物体集大小效应。我们的目标是比较两种专家级物体类型（面孔和视觉单词）以及一种非专家级物体类型（汽车）的视觉搜索。我们首先询问面孔和单词在搜索中是否表现出更大的倒置效应。其次，我们确定直立刺激的搜索是否与其他感知指标相关。最后，我们评估了单一方向内测试之间以及单一物体类型不同方向之间的相关性。面孔和单词的物体集大小效应比汽车小。所有准确性和时间测量结果都显示面孔和单词存在倒置效应，而汽车不存在。面孔搜索准确性测量结果与剑桥面孔记忆测试的准确性相关，单词搜索时间测量结果与单字阅读时间相关，但汽车搜索与汽车语义知识无关。所有物体类型都存在跨方向相关性，在倒置方向也存在跨物体相关性，而在直立方向，面孔搜索与单词或汽车搜索无关。我们得出结论，物体搜索显示出专业知识的影响。与汽车相比，单词和面孔的物体集大小效应更小，倒置效应更大，并且它们的搜索结果与感知专业知识的其他指标相关。相关性分析提供了初步证据，支持在倒置刺激情况下共同过程、在两个方向上都起作用的物体特定过程以及直立面孔的独特处理所做出的贡献。
