Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland; University of Lille, Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment (LGCgE), Environmental Axis, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Oct 15;181:508-517. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.025. Epub 2019 Jun 21.
Bioindicators are promising tools used to detect the long-term effects of selected biosolids on plants development and should be implemented before large-scale supplementation of sewage sludge into the soil. The presented study shows the impact of sewage sludge application on metal-sensitive toxicity biological parameters (biomarkers) in Sinapis alba including: germination, root length, the activity of guaiacol peroxidase, the chlorophyll content, the level of DNA damage and the expression level of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) and metallothionein (mt). We evaluated data from selected biomarkers in order to broaden our understanding of plants defense mechanisms against heavy metal contamination and the application of sewage sludge into soils. Overall, in contaminated soil after supplementation with both municipal sewage sludges, an increase in toxicity was noticed in DNA damage, mt and rbcl expression and total chlorophyll content. The supplementation of both soils with municipal sewage sludge caused a two-time induction in the mt expression. Moreover, clean soil supplemented with sewage sludge caused an increase in DNA damage shown as the tail moment from approximately 12 μm on control to 40 μm after supplementation. Even if those biosolids increased the initial germination, roots length, and biomass in comparison to the unamended soil, the toxicity was evidenced with other stress markers. Results showed, that in order to accurately assess the influence of sewage sludge application on plants the use of several specific biomarkers is required for safe land restoration. The conducted study also confirmed, both under biochemical and genotoxic tests, that iron enrichment for biosolids or contaminated soil can significantly reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of other metals.
生物标志物是一种有前途的工具，可用于检测选定生物固体对植物发育的长期影响，应在将污水污泥大规模补充到土壤之前使用。本研究展示了污水污泥应用对芥菜中金属敏感毒性生物参数（生物标志物）的影响，包括：发芽、根长、愈创木酚过氧化物酶活性、叶绿素含量、DNA 损伤水平以及核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（rbcL）和金属硫蛋白（mt）的表达水平。我们评估了选定生物标志物的数据，以扩大我们对植物防御机制对重金属污染和将污水污泥应用到土壤中的理解。总的来说，在补充城市污水污泥的污染土壤中，DNA 损伤、mt 和 rbcL 表达以及总叶绿素含量的毒性增加。两种土壤补充城市污水污泥都会导致 mt 表达增加两倍。此外，清洁土壤补充污水污泥会导致 DNA 损伤增加，其尾矩从对照的约 12μm 增加到补充后的 40μm。即使这些生物固体与未施肥土壤相比增加了初始发芽、根长和生物量，但其他应激标志物也证明了毒性。结果表明，为了准确评估污水污泥应用对植物的影响，需要使用几种特定的生物标志物来进行安全的土地恢复。进行的研究还在生物化学和遗传毒性测试中证实，生物固体或污染土壤中的铁富集可以显著降低其他金属的生物利用度和毒性。
