Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland.
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Jun 1;263:110413. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110413. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Waste disposal such as sewage sludge (biosolids) in phytoremediation is a sustainable remediation alternative for fertilizers, therefore there is a need to develop a test that will allow to determine phytoremediation dose of biosolids from the best-for-plant-growth point of view. In order to determine the doses of biosolids to degraded soils, tests based on germination of seeds and root elongation are commonly used, but also, they are subjected to large errors caused by low repeatability of results and differentiation. That is why there is a need to introduce new testing solutions that will be of use based on more reliable indicators such as biochemical activity of selected plant enzymes. The aim of the study was to demonstrate high efficiency of the guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPX) in plant-based toxicity tests used as an optimal dose amendments indicator in heavy metal degraded soil phytoremediation process. GPX were measured in underground and above ground parts of Sinapis alba L. and Brassica rapa L. in relation to germination index (GI) and biomass cultivated on four different substrates (raw degraded soil, sterilized degraded soil, water extract from degraded soil solidified with agar, water extract from degraded soil solidified with Murashige-Skoog medium). Each testing soil substrate was enriched with sewage sludge (food industry origin) in the percentage share (w/w) of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. The process was carried out under controlled conditions of the phytotronic chamber for a period of 14 days. The obtained values were compared for each plant separately and for all substrates and amendments rates of sewage sludge. GPX activity was expressed as a percentage increase or decrease in relation to the GPX in soil substrates without addition of sewage sludge which allowed to determine their positive or negative impact on substrate toxicity. Results of GPX activity showed that the water-based soil extracts solidified with agar give more accurate results in relation to the tests on raw soil. It has been demonstrated that the optimal phytoremediation dose of sewage sludge was in the range of 15-20%, with values of 5% and 25% respectively favoring or inhibiting plant development expressed in GPX activity. The most differentiating GPX values were obtained for the roots.Measurement of GPX activity in the roots of Sinapis alba L. cultivated on soil agar-based tests is a good, new and easy additional or alternative to the old tests based on germination and increase biomass measuring as an indicator in the assessment of optimal phytoremediation sewage sludge.
在植物修复中，废物处理（如污水污泥）是一种可持续的肥料替代物，因此需要开发一种测试方法，从最有利于植物生长的角度确定污水污泥的植物修复剂量。为了确定退化土壤中污水污泥的剂量，通常使用基于种子发芽和根伸长的测试，但这些测试也存在结果重复性差和差异大的问题。因此，需要引入新的测试解决方案，这些解决方案将基于更可靠的指标，如选定植物酶的生化活性，具有实际用途。本研究的目的是证明愈创木酚过氧化物酶活性（GPX）在植物毒性测试中的高效性，该测试可作为重金属退化土壤植物修复过程中最佳剂量改良剂的指标。在地下和地上部分的荠（Sinapis alba L.）和油菜（Brassica rapa L.）中测量了 GPX，以与发芽指数（GI）和在四种不同基质（原始退化土壤、消毒退化土壤、用琼脂固化的退化土壤水提取物、用 Murashige-Skoog 培养基固化的退化土壤水提取物）上培养的生物量有关。将污水污泥（食品工业来源）以 5、10、15、20 和 25 的质量比（w/w）添加到每个测试土壤基质中。在植物生电子室的控制条件下进行该过程，持续 14 天。单独为每种植物以及所有基质和添加物的污水污泥率进行了比较。GPX 活性表示为与未添加污水污泥的土壤基质中的 GPX 相比的百分比增加或减少，这允许确定它们对基质毒性的正面或负面影响。GPX 活性的结果表明，用琼脂固化的基于水的土壤提取物在与原始土壤测试相比时提供了更准确的结果。已经证明，污水污泥的最佳植物修复剂量在 15-20%范围内，而 5%和 25%的剂量分别有利于或抑制植物在 GPX 活性方面的生长。获得的最具区分度的 GPX 值是根的值。在基于土壤琼脂的测试中，在土壤中培养的荠根的 GPX 活性测量是一种很好的、新的、易于添加或替代基于发芽和增加生物量测量的旧测试的方法，作为评估最佳植物修复污水污泥的指标。
