Fortunato Orazio, Gasparini Patrizia, Boeri Mattia, Sozzi Gabriella
Tumor Genomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2019 Jun 25;11(6):888. doi: 10.3390/cancers11060888.
Lung cancer is the predominant cause of cancer-related deaths. The high mortality rates are mainly due to the lack of diagnosis before the cancer is at a late stage. Liquid biopsy is a promising technique that could allow early diagnosis of lung cancer and better treatment selection for patients. Cell-free microRNAs have been detected in biological fluids, such as serum and plasma, and are considered interesting biomarkers for lung cancer screening and detection. Exosomes are nanovesicles of 30-150 nm and can be released by different cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Their exosomal composition reflects that of their parental cells and could be potentially useful as a biomarker for lung cancer diagnosis. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in lung cancer, focusing on their potential use in clinical practice. Moreover, we describe the importance of exosomal miRNA cargo in lung cancer detection and their potential role during lung carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss our experience with the analysis of circulating exosomal miRNAs in the bioMILD screening trial.
肺癌是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。高死亡率主要是由于在癌症处于晚期之前缺乏诊断。液体活检是一种有前景的技术，它可以实现肺癌的早期诊断，并为患者选择更好的治疗方案。游离微小RNA已在生物体液（如血清和血浆）中被检测到，被认为是用于肺癌筛查和检测的有趣生物标志物。外泌体是直径为30 - 150纳米的纳米囊泡，可由肿瘤微环境中的不同细胞类型释放。它们的外泌体组成反映了其亲本细胞的组成，可能作为肺癌诊断的生物标志物。本综述总结了肺癌中循环微小RNA（miRNA）的最新研究进展，重点关注其在临床实践中的潜在应用。此外，我们描述了外泌体miRNA货物在肺癌检测中的重要性及其在肺癌发生过程中的潜在作用。最后，我们讨论了在bioMILD筛查试验中分析循环外泌体miRNA的经验。
