Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
Br J Pharmacol. 2020 Mar;177(6):1241-1257. doi: 10.1111/bph.14778. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the most widely described and evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature. It is characterized by high intakes of vegetables, legumes, fruits, nuts, grains, fish, seafood, extra virgin olive oil, and a moderate intake of red wine. A large body of observational and experimental evidence suggests that higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with lower risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and cancer. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the MedDiet include reduction of blood lipids, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement of insulin sensitivity, enhancement of endothelial function, and antithrombotic function. Most likely, these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients such as polyphenols, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, or fibre. This review will focus on both established and less established mechanisms of action of biochemical compounds contained in a MedDiet. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
地中海饮食（MedDiet）是科学文献中描述和评估最多的饮食模式之一。它的特点是大量摄入蔬菜、豆类、水果、坚果、谷物、鱼、海鲜、特级初榨橄榄油，以及适量饮用红酒。大量的观察性和实验证据表明，更高程度地遵循地中海饮食与更低的死亡率、心血管疾病、代谢疾病和癌症风险相关。目前，地中海饮食有益影响的潜在机制包括降低血脂、炎症和氧化应激标志物、改善胰岛素敏感性、增强内皮功能和抗血栓功能。这些影响很可能归因于生物活性成分，如多酚、单不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸或纤维。这篇综述将重点介绍地中海饮食中所含生化化合物的已确立和不太确定的作用机制。 相关文章：本文是营养药理学主题部分的一部分。要查看本节中的其他文章，请访问 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
