Mazza Elisa, Maurotti Samantha, Ferro Yvelise, Castagna Alberto, Pujia Carmelo, Sciacqua Angela, Pujia Arturo, Montalcini Tiziana
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 4;17(13):2226. doi: 10.3390/nu17132226.
: Magnesium (Mg) plays a fundamental role in various physiological processes, including neuromuscular function, glucose metabolism, cardiovascular regulation, and bone health. Despite its significance, the influence of sex on magnesium metabolism, requirements, and health outcomes remains unexplored. The aim of this review is to analyze sex-based differences in magnesium homeostasis, with a particular focus on hormonal regulation, body composition, and disease susceptibility. : This narrative review, based on a non-systematic MEDLINE search conducted in January 2025, prioritized clinical trials from the past 15 years on human subjects and explored gender-specific aspects of magnesium intake, status, metabolism, and supplementation. : Hormonal fluctuations, particularly variations in estrogen levels, affect magnesium absorption, distribution, and retention, thereby influencing magnesium balance across different life stages such as puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. Additionally, dietary intake and lifestyle factors often differ between men and women, further impacting magnesium status. Emerging evidence suggests that suboptimal magnesium levels may differentially contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders in each sex. : In conclusion, acknowledging sex-specific differences in magnesium metabolism is essential for developing personalized dietary guidelines and therapeutic strategies. Tailored nutritional approaches could significantly improve magnesium status, enhance overall health, and reduce the burden of chronic diseases linked to magnesium imbalance.
镁(Mg)在各种生理过程中发挥着重要作用,包括神经肌肉功能、葡萄糖代谢、心血管调节和骨骼健康。尽管其意义重大,但性别对镁代谢、需求和健康结果的影响仍未得到探索。本综述的目的是分析镁稳态中基于性别的差异,特别关注激素调节、身体组成和疾病易感性。
本叙述性综述基于2025年1月进行的非系统性MEDLINE搜索,优先纳入过去15年针对人类受试者的临床试验,并探讨了镁摄入、状态、代谢和补充的性别特异性方面。
激素波动,特别是雌激素水平的变化,会影响镁的吸收、分布和潴留,从而影响不同生命阶段(如青春期、怀孕和更年期)的镁平衡。此外,男性和女性的饮食摄入和生活方式因素往往不同,这进一步影响了镁的状态。新出现的证据表明,镁水平不理想可能在不同性别中对骨质疏松症、心血管疾病和代谢紊乱等疾病有不同的影响。
总之,认识到镁代谢中的性别特异性差异对于制定个性化的饮食指南和治疗策略至关重要。量身定制的营养方法可以显著改善镁的状态,增强整体健康,并减轻与镁失衡相关的慢性病负担。
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016-8-22
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025-5-6
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018-1-29
JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017-2
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024-12-19
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024-12-12
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2025-1
Food Sci Nutr. 2024-7-17
Int J Mol Sci. 2024-10-18
JAMA Netw Open. 2024-10-1
Front Nutr. 2024-9-25