RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2019 Jul 17;21(7):1132-1142. doi: 10.1039/c9em00136k.
The comparability of data from active (ACT) and passive sampling (PAS) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in air is hindered by uncertainties related to the derivation of sampling rates and concentrations, as well as differences in the duration, volume and frequency of sampling. Although data from ACT have been used extensively in short-term PAS calibration studies, no attempts have been made to evaluate the comparability of long-term trends calculated from PAS to established ACT trends. This is crucial, as continuous long-term ACT is unfeasible in most regions of the world. To address these challenges, we calculated and compared trends for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) at the six sites in Europe with at least 5 years of co-located ACT and PAS data (2012-2016): Birkenes, Košetice, Pallas, Råö, Stórhöfði and Zeppelin. Strong agreement of ACT and PAS trends was observed for most OCPs and PCBs. Apart from two PCBs at Stórhöfði, all pairs of ACT and PAS trends followed the same direction. However, differences in the magnitude, significance and confidence intervals of their slopes were observed for some compounds and were primarily attributed to the short duration of the PAS time series. Despite some limitations, our results suggest that the comparability of ACT and PAS POP trends will continue to improve with additional years of data. This study confirms the suitability of PAS for the calculation of long-term POP trends in air, and highlights the importance of continuous sampling at established monitoring sites with consistent analytical methods.
主动（ACT）和被动（PAS）采样法收集的持久性有机污染物（POPs）数据的可比性受到一些不确定性因素的阻碍，这些不确定性与采样率和浓度的推导以及采样时间、体积和频率的差异有关。尽管 ACT 数据已广泛应用于短期 PAS 校准研究中，但尚未尝试评估从 PAS 计算得出的长期趋势与已建立的 ACT 趋势的可比性。这一点至关重要，因为在世界上大多数地区，连续的长期 ACT 是不可行的。为了解决这些挑战，我们在至少有 5 年共同 ACT 和 PAS 数据（2012-2016 年）的欧洲 6 个地点（Birkenes、Košetice、Pallas、Råö、Stórhöfði 和 Zeppelin）计算并比较了有机氯农药（OCPs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）和多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）的趋势。大多数 OCPs 和 PCBs 的 ACT 和 PAS 趋势具有很强的一致性。除了 Stórhöfði 的两种 PCB 外，ACT 和 PAS 趋势的所有对都遵循相同的方向。然而，一些化合物的斜率的幅度、显著性和置信区间存在差异，这主要归因于 PAS 时间序列的短暂性。尽管存在一些局限性，但我们的研究结果表明，随着数据的增加，ACT 和 PAS POP 趋势的可比性将继续提高。本研究证实了 PAS 适用于计算空气中长期 POP 趋势，并且突出了在具有一致分析方法的已建立监测站点进行连续采样的重要性。
